Current Perspectives on Inflammation in Cardiovascular Disease; from Biomarker to Therapy
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EDITORIAL
Current Perspectives on Inflammation in Cardiovascular Disease; from Biomarker to Therapy Saskia C. A. de Jager 1 & Joost P. G. Sluijter 1
# Springer Science+Business Media, LLC, part of Springer Nature 2020
Inflammation has been a prominent topic of research in cardiovascular disease over the last decades. This special issue (SI) entitled “Current perspectives on inflammation in cardiovascular disease; from biomarker to therapy” contains 9 selected reviews that feature the different aspects of the inflammatory response in cardiovascular disease. Overall, this SI highlights the future directions on the use of immunomodulatory therapies for cardiovascular disease. This SI starts with a focus on vascular disease, where Inia and O’Brien provide an overview on the atheroprotective role of Heat Shock Protein-27 that might be a promising therapeutic target. Furthermore, it is suggested that the HSP27estrogen association may be important in the protection against atherosclerosis development in women [1]. The paper by Baganha and colleagues focuses on adverse vein graft remodeling. Vein grafts have to adjust to arterial pressure and it is well established that the inflammatory response is crucial for physiological vein graft adaptation and long-term patency, but can also lead to vein graft failure. Here, pathophysiological mechanisms are described, highlighting the role for immune cells underlying vein graft failure and providing insight in novel therapeutics to improve vein graft patency [2]. The promising results of the CANTOS trial has (re)inspired many researchers in the field to bring back more antiinflammatory approaches into the cardiovascular clinical arena. Bosmans and colleagues discuss the involvement of the CD40/CD40L dyad in atherosclerosis, which has recently resulted in the development of novel therapeutics [3]. Much
* Saskia C. A. de Jager [email protected] 1
Laboratory for Experimental Cardiology and Center for Regenerative Medicine, University Medical Center Utrecht, University Utrecht, Utrecht, The Netherlands
time, effort, and energy is currently being put into therapeutic targeting of the nucleotide-binding oligomerization domainlike receptor family pyrin domain containing 3 (NLRP3) inflammasomes, which contributes to the release of interleukin-1β. Silvis and colleagues summarize the role of the NLRP3 inflammasome and provide a perspective on the current therapeutic approaches targeting the NLRP3 inflammasome for cardiovascular disease [4]. Chronic recruitment of inflammatory cells to the myocardium contributes to adverse remodeling and the onset of heart failure. Chen and Frangogiannis describe the current knowledge on the role of the chemokine family in injury, repair, and remodeling upon cardiac ischemia [5]. Furthermore, they discuss both the potential as well as possible drawbacks for targeting the chemokine family. Consequential to myocardial ischemia reperfusion injury, heart failure often develops for which diagnosis mostly relies on circulating biomarkers and loss of
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