Cuticular thickening associated with insecticide resistance in dengue vector, Aedes aegypti L.
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ORIGINAL RESEARCH ARTICLE
Cuticular thickening associated with insecticide resistance in dengue vector, Aedes aegypti L. Roopa Rani Samal 1 & Sarita Kumar 1 Received: 29 May 2020 / Accepted: 14 September 2020 # African Association of Insect Scientists 2020
Abstract Aedes aegypti is a globally spread disease vector of supreme concern, primarily controlled by chemical insecticides. Current study investigates the comparative rate of acetamiprid and deltamethrin resistance development in Ae. aegypti larvae and; possible correlation between resistance and cuticular thickening. The larvae were selected with LC90 level of the respective insecticide for 10 successive generations and the level of resistance induced was estimated. The larvae of parent (PS), acetamiprid-selected (ACSF-10) and deltamethrin-selected (DLSF-10) strains were sectioned through first abdominal segment to elucidate the variation in cuticular thickness. The PS larvae of Ae. aegypti were 229.26-fold higher susceptible to deltamethrin as compared to acetamiprid, exhibiting corresponding LC50 values of 0.00082 mg/L and 0.18799 mg/L. Larval selections induced 9.91-fold and 19.74-fold resistance to deltamethrin and acetamiprid, respectively; indicating multifactorial and heterozygous pattern. Cuticular analysis of the larval sections demonstrated a significantly thicker cuticle in selected strains, the mean thickness in PS, ACSF-10 and DLSF-10 was 2.891 ± 0.243, 4.288 ± 0.508 and 5.695 ± 0.437 μm, respectively revealing 1.48fold and 1.97-fold thicker cuticle in the ACSF-10 and DLSF-10 strains, respectively in comparison to PS strain. The increased cuticular thickness possibly inhibited the insecticide penetration in selected larvae resulting in the resistance development. This is the first such report which demonstrates the association between acetamiprid/deltamethrin resistance in Ae. aegypti larvae with the cuticular thickness. Key-words Acetamiprid . Aedes aegypti . Cuticular thickness . Deltamethrin . Resistance
Introduction Aedes aegypti L. is an extensively spread disease vector of utmost concern throughout the world. It is not only a biting nuisance but is also a dreadful vector transmitting viruses causing yellow fever, dengue fever, Chikungunya and Zika. Since last few decades, Aedes-borne diseases are on the rise causing varying degree of health hazards in different parts of the world; especially in tropical and sub-tropical regions of the world, where dengue has emerged as a principal health concern (Bhatt et al. 2013). The number of cases has risen alarm-
* Sarita Kumar [email protected]; [email protected] 1
Insect Pest and Vector Laboratory, Department of Zoology, Acharya Narendra Dev College, University of Delhi, New Delhi 110019, India
ingly despite under-reporting and misrecognition of genuine incidences. WHO (World Health Organization) has reported occurrence of almost 390 million global dengue infections/ year out of which 96 million infections are projected with variable clinical manifestations (Bhatt et al. 2013).
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