Cyanobacterium-primed Chrysanthemum nursery improves performance of the plant and soil quality
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ORIGINAL PAPER
Cyanobacterium-primed Chrysanthemum nursery improves performance of the plant and soil quality Asha Bharti 1 & Radha Prasanna 1 Yashbir Singh Shivay 3
&
Gunjeet Kumar 2 & Lata Nain 1 & Anjul Rana 1 & Balasubramanian Ramakrishnan 1 &
Received: 7 December 2019 / Revised: 22 July 2020 / Accepted: 27 July 2020 # Springer-Verlag GmbH Germany, part of Springer Nature 2020
Abstract The performance of Anabaena laxa–primed nursery of Chrysanthemum cultivar Jaya was evaluated after transplanting into pots fertilised with two different doses of N fertiliser (urea) as full or 75% N, along with full dose of phosphorus (P) and potassium (K) fertilisers. Enhanced N2-fixation activity and, consequently, several fold higher N availability in soil were recorded in such primed nursery cuttings grown with full or 75% N dose, when compared with controls. The values of soil polysaccharides doubled, while microbial biomass C and proteins showed a 10–50% enhancement in the A. laxa–primed treatments, as compared with only fertiliser-amended treatments. The primed plants increased the soil phospholipid fatty acid content by 60% at 100 days after transplanting (DAT), besides recording 20–40% enhancement in plant growth attributes and shoot: root dry weight ratio, as compared with control plants grown with only fertilisers. Enzyme activity in leaves and flowers was enhanced to the tune of oneto fourfold in the A. laxa–primed plants. In terms of quality traits, early appearance of buds and significantly higher amounts of pigments were recorded in A. laxa–primed plants. Soil chlorophyll, available nutrients and root biofilm formation correlated positively with flowering attributes, including flower diameter, dry weight, anthocyanin and carotenoid content of flowers. The novelty of this study was the observed long-term beneficial effects in terms of improved soil microbiological characteristics and plant growth, which lead to better flower quality traits in Chrysanthemum plants, raised using cyanobacterium-primed nursery. Keywords Anabaena laxa . Jaya . N . Priming . Rooting mix
Introduction Microbial associations and their complex interactions with plants, often described as their second genome (Berendsen et al. 2012), impart beneficial attributes to young plants, by regulating nutrients and growth-regulating compounds and Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (https://doi.org/10.1007/s00374-020-01494-5) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users. * Radha Prasanna [email protected] 1
Division of Microbiology, ICAR - Indian Agricultural Research Institute, New Delhi 110012, India
2
Division of Floriculture and Landscape Architecture, ICAR - Indian Agricultural Research Institute, New Delhi, India
3
Division of Agronomy, ICAR - Indian Agricultural Research Institute, New Delhi, India
tolerance to environmental stress and deterring the invasion by pathogens (Pii et al. 2015). The rhizosphere, a major microbial hotspot (Kuzyakov and Blagodatskaya 2015), harbours
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