Soil inoculation alters the endosphere microbiome of chrysanthemum roots and leaves
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Soil inoculation alters the endosphere microbiome of chrysanthemum roots and leaves Nurmi Pangesti & Ana Pineda & S. Emilia Hannula & T. Martijn Bezemer
Received: 9 March 2020 / Accepted: 27 July 2020 # The Author(s) 2020
Abstract Aims This study examines how inoculation with live soil influences the assembly of the endosphere microbiome of leaves and roots of chrysanthemum. Methods Sterilized soil was inoculated with 10% soil in which grasses had grown. Chrysanthemum was planted in these soils and control plants were grown in 100% sterilized soil. All plants were exposed to thrips, and leaves and roots were collected from inoculated and control plants that experienced high and low thrips damage. DNA was extracted and the bacterial and fungal community inside roots and leaves was determined using Illumina sequencing. Results Inoculation increased bacterial diversity in root but not in leaf tissues. The endosphere of both roots and leaves was dominated by Pseudomonadaceae. In leaves, the relative abundance of Pseudomonadaceae was higher in inoculated than in control plants, whereas this
Responsible Editor: Birgit Mitter. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (https://doi.org/10.1007/s11104-020-04655-5) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users. N. Pangesti : A. Pineda : S. E. Hannula : T. M. Bezemer Department of Terrestrial Ecology, Netherlands Institute of Ecology (NIOO-KNAW), PO Box 50, 6700 AB Wageningen, The Netherlands T. M. Bezemer (*) Institute of Biology, Section Plant Ecology and Phytochemistry, Leiden University, PO Box 9505, 2300 RA Leiden, The Netherlands e-mail: [email protected]
was opposite in roots. Leaves contained more rare bacterial families than roots. The number of fungal reads was very low and the endopshere did not differ between plants with high or low thrips damage. Conclusions Bacterial communities inside chrysanthemum root and leaf tissues differ considerably. Soil inoculation with entire microbiomes can be used to change root and foliar bacterial microbiomes and this is particularly effective in root tissues. Keywords Chrysanthemum . Endopshere . Inoculation . Microbiome . Plant-soil feedback
Introduction Understanding below-aboveground interactions is a central theme in ecology, and essential for our insight into how terrestrial communities establish and function (Bardgett and Wardle 2010). An increasing number of studies is now showing that single organisms inhabiting the soil interact with plant roots to cause a cascade of physiological changes in the plant that ultimately affect organisms interacting with aboveground plant tissues (e.g. Bezemer and Van Dam 2005; Pangesti et al. 2013; Pieterse et al. 2016; Pineda et al. 2017). In parallel, there is a rapidly growing interest in understanding how entire microbiomes in soils and inside plants influence plant growth and health. A major reason is the increasing awareness that full microbiomes or consortia of several strains can provide funct
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