Cycling policy in strategic documents of Polish cities
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Cycling policy in strategic documents of Polish cities Michał Adam Kwiatkowski1 · Daniela Szymańska1 Received: 1 December 2019 / Accepted: 15 October 2020 © The Author(s) 2020
Abstract Cycling transport fits well into the principles of sustainable development of cities and regions. Cycling policy is more and more often reflected in various strategic documents which are to set out measures to increase the share of cycling in urban transport. The paper evaluates the manner of implementing the assumptions of sustainable transport through the analysis of strategic documents from Polish cities of 100,000 and more inhabitants. The study was carried out in four stages. Firstly, the authors reviewed literature and reference material, i.e. strategic documents at European and national level. In the second stage, they analysed the strategies of urban development, indicating areas of urban development in which issues related to cycling were placed. The third phase focused on the additional (substantive) strategic documents related to transport and cycling—urban cycling policies. The task here was to assess their completeness and conformity with the guidelines of the European Commission concerning the creation of cycling policy. In the last stage of the study, the authors assessed whether measures for the development of cycling infrastructure were implemented in the studied cities: changes to the cycling infrastructure of the said cities were analysed by determining the dynamics of changes in the length of cycle paths and the availability of bicycle-sharing systems. The study showed the cohesion of cycling policies of Polish cities with higher-level (European and national) documents. It was also confirmed that in the majority of analysed documents the passages concerning cycling are prepared in the context of urban transport. Keywords Bicycle · Sustainable transport · Cycling · Cycling infrastructure · Cycling policy · Poland
* Michał Adam Kwiatkowski [email protected] Daniela Szymańska [email protected] 1
Department of Urban and Regional Development Studies, Faculty of Earth Sciences and Spatial Management, Nicolaus Copernicus University in Toruń, ul. Lwowska 1, 87‑100 Toruń, Poland
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M. A. Kwiatkowski, D. Szymańska
1 Introduction The introduction of sustainable urban transport principles is one of the more important challenges facing cities today. The negative impact of motorised modes of transport on the urban environment is increasingly visible in urban areas and is gaining recognition from city authorities, which is reflected in transport policies. One of the possible solutions to the problem may be the development of cycling, which is an emission-free and environmentally friendly form of mobility. In order to systematise the issues of cycling measures in transport, local authorities decide on a kind of contract with the citizens and a commitment to implement measures expressed in the form of urban cycling policies. In the documents created within the framework of this policy, the authorities diagn
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