Cyclodextrin-Based Polymers for Food and Pharmaceutical Applications: A Historical Review
The encapsulation capabilities of cyclodextrins and the controlled release of guest molecules can be modulated with the aid of the additional functionality of a polymeric macrostructure. In addition, the covalent attachment of cyclodextrin moieties to a p
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Cyclodextrin-Based Polymers for Food and Pharmaceutical Applications: A Historical Review Max Petitjean, Iñigo X. García-Zubiri, and José Ramón Isasi
Contents 6.1 I ntroduction 6.2 C yclodextrin Polymers 6.2.1 Historical Perspective of Cyclodextrin Polymers 6.2.2 Covalent and Supramolecular Architectures 6.3 Applications in the Food and Pharmaceutical Areas 6.3.1 Cyclodextrin Polymers in Food Science 6.3.2 Cyclodextrin Polymers in Drug Delivery 6.4 Conclusion References
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Abstract The encapsulation capabilities of cyclodextrins and the controlled release of guest molecules can be modulated with the aid of the additional functionality of a polymeric macrostructure. In addition, the covalent attachment of cyclodextrin moieties to a pre-existing material is intended to immobilize them, as in the case of medical devices or packaging applications. The first references dealing with the potential use of cyclodextrin polymers as macromolecular carriers date back to the 1980s. Since then, they have been incorporated into many constructions, such as hydrogels, nanosponges, dendrimers, interpenetrating networks, molecular imprinted polymers, and other smart biomaterials. The present chapter discusses, from a historical perspective, the evolution of the synthesis procedures to prepare covalently linked cyclodextrins, either by grafting or cross-linking mechanisms. Then, their applications in the food and pharmaceutical sectors are presented. Debittering of juices and retention of flavors were the first M. Petitjean · J. R. Isasi (*) Departamento de Química, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de Navarra, Pamplona, Spain e-mail: [email protected]; [email protected] I. X. García-Zubiri Magnesitas Navarras, Zubiri, Navarra, Spain e-mail: [email protected] © The Editor(s) (if applicable) and The Author(s), under exclusive license to Springer Nature Switzerland AG 2020 G. Crini et al. (eds.), The History of Cyclodextrins, Environmental Chemistry for a Sustainable World 52, https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-49308-0_6
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proposed uses in food science, and, more recently, smart packaging using cyclodextrin polymers is being developed. In the case of the pharmaceutical and biomedical applications, numerous studies on cyclodextrin polymers are being published in the last years, mainly in drug release, but also as polymeric vectors for gene delivery as well as in the field of regenerative medicine. Keywords History · Cyclodextrin polymers · Covalent networks · Food · Pharmacy · Drug delivery · Inclusion complexes
6.1 Introduction In addition to their remarkable capability to establish supramolecular (host-guest) interactions by themselves because of their toroidal shape and nonpolar inside, cyclodextrins can also be covalently attached in different ways to originate more complex structures. Materials containing more than two covalently linked cyclodextrin units are known as cyclodextrin polymers. The three proc
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