Cytogenetic Study of Aegopodium podagraria (Umbelliferae) for Use in Breeding
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Cytogenetic Study of Aegopodium podagraria (Umbelliferae) for Use in Breeding D. V. Romanova,*, S. Yu. Shirnina, G. I. Karlova, and M. G. Divashuka a All-Russia
Research Institute of Agricultural Biotechnology, Moscow, 127550 Russia *e-mail: [email protected]
Received September 11, 2019; revised October 28, 2019; accepted March 3, 2020
Abstract—Ground elder (Aegopodium podagraria L.) has a number of economically important properties (as food, an excellent honey plant, and a valuable fodder) and also exhibits antirheumatic, diuretic, nervine, and wound-healing effects. A. podagraria plants are used for cytogenetic studies. To gather a collection of A. podagraria plants, an expedition into different regions of Russia was carried out. In the expedition, A. podagraria was not found in places affected by frequent droughts and where the upper layer of soil tends to dry out. Cytologic slides with A. podagraria metaphase chromosomes were prepared by a method of cell spreading modified by the authors. The method combines the advantages of other methods while surpassing them in terms of the quality and number of metaphases in slides. The chromosome counting shows that collected ground elder specimens have 42 chromosomes. No considerable differences in karyotypes of A. podagraria specimens collected in different regions were observed. The observed differences are within the variability of metaphase plates of a single plant. For more accurate identification of chromosomes and their isolated sectors, which is needed to assist in the selection process, the work on developing cytogenetic markers of A. podagraria must be continued. Keywords: Aegopodium podagraria, ground elder, metaphase, karyotype, chromosome, idiogram DOI: 10.3103/S0096392520020066
able plants such as caraway (Carum carvi L.) and coriander (Coriandrum sativum L.) [6], which makes them the most suitable candidates for interspecies hybridization with A. podagraria. These hybrids, in turn, could be used as an intermediate link for more distant hybridization of ground elder and carrot (Daucus carota L.). In earlier studies, only somatic hybrids between A. podagraria and D. carota were produced (by protoplast fusion) [7], which phenotypically bear a greater resemblance to A. podagraria; however, they were found to have an elevated carotenoid content. To improve the efficiency of selection, ground elder must be studied on molecular genetic and cytogenetic levels. A. podagraria is a little-studied species: the NCBI database contains only 74 nucleotide sequences of this plant. As for cytogenetics of A. podagraria, this avenue has not been explored much: the number of chromosomes was determined, but karyotypes have not been constructed, and different A. podagraria populations were found to have a different number of chromosomes (2n): 22, 38, 39, 42, and 44 [8–10]. Such variations in the number of chromosomes can be observed for other representatives of the Umbelliferae family, i.e., the Daucus genus (carrot): 2n = 18 (D. carota and D. capillifolius), 2
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