Eucalyptus Breeding for Clonal Forestry
As global demand for wood increases, planted forests will also become increasingly important. Accepting and promoting them as the only way to address the wood scarcity problem and also to help suppress the demand for illegally logged timber from natural f
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Abstract As global demand for wood increases, planted forests will also become increasingly important. Accepting and promoting them as the only way to address the wood scarcity problem and also to help suppress the demand for illegally logged timber from natural forests is a major issue globally. Eucalypt clonal forestry is proving to be an iconic alternative in this context, due to their fast growth, wood quality appropriate to many different uses, huge existing variability, and suitability to vegetative propagation. However, efficient breeding and deployment strategies are essential. The present chapter aims to present, based on the authors’ practical experience, an overview on the most successful approaches that may be used during the different phases of eucalypt breeding programs for clonal forestry. Relevant topics covered are: identifying breeding objectives and related traits for the main eucalypt businesses worldwide; the major planted species and their value for different objectives; breeding strategies (recurrent selection methods, breeding cycle, etc.); recombination issues, such as effective population size, mating designs and controlled pollination methods; evaluation and selection procedures as applied to progeny and clonal trials; and deployment aspects, such as number of commercial clones, large scale vegetative propagation methods, and risk management.
G.D.S.P. Rezende (*) Forest Breeding and Biotechnology Manager, Fibria S. A., Rod. Gal. Euryale Jesus Zerbini, Km 84, SP 66, Jacareí, SP, Brazil, CEP 12340-010 e-mail: [email protected] M.D.V. de Resende Embrapa – Brazilian Agricultural Research Corporation and Federal University of Viçosa, Viçosa, MG, Brazil T.F. de Assis Assistech Ltda, Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil T. Fenning (ed.), Challenges and Opportunities for the World’s Forests in the 21st Century, Forestry Sciences 81, DOI 10.1007/978-94-007-7076-8_16, © Springer Science+Business Media Dordrecht 2014
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Introduction
The world population has recently reached seven billion people, and every day, everyone makes use of forest products at homes, offices and schools, but often don’t realize how important they are. Forest products are present in buildings structural and decorative materials, furniture, printing and writing paper, toilet paper, steel products, pharmaceutical products, cosmetics and many other necessities of life. Global demand for wood will increase, driven mainly by the following trends (FAO 2010, 2011): – The world population is increasing, forecasts indicating that there will be nine billion people in 2050. – Wood availability is decreasing. The global forest area and wood availability per capita has been reduced over time. – Economic growth, especially in the emerging economies. – Globalization of the forest products market. China, India and Brazil are now driving future forest products demand and investments. – Climate change, with increasing temperatures and water scarcity trends. – Environmental and energy policies, valuing the
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