Dactuliophora mysorensis sp. nov.: A New Species of Mycelia Sterilia Causing Zonate Leaf Spot on Cowpea in India
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Dactuliophora mysorensis sp. nov.: A New Species of Mycelia Sterilia Causing Zonate Leaf Spot on Cowpea in India Y. S. Deepika1,2 · S. Mahadevakumar3 · K. N. Amruthesh3 · K. R. Sridhar4,5 · N. Lakshmidevi2 Received: 11 August 2020 / Accepted: 26 September 2020 © Springer Science+Business Media, LLC, part of Springer Nature 2020
Abstract Cowpea is an important pulse crop extensively grown in arid and semi-arid tropics which is affected by a number of diseases. Fungi belonging to mycelia sterilia are known to cause many diseases on cereals and pulses. During the cowpea field survey in Mysore District of Karnataka (India), Dactuliophora sp. was identified as the major pathogen causing zonate leaf spot (ZLS) disease. The fungal pathogen was isolated from naturally infected cowpea leaves and identified as a member belongs to the genus Dactuliophora, which was previously described by CLA Leakey in the year 1964 on Vigna unguiculata from Africa. However, detailed morphological and cultural examinations of the pathogen revealed striking differences from that of D. tarrii. Based on differences in morphology with D. tarrii, a new species Dactuliophora mysorensis sp. nov. is described herein. The disease incidence as well as disease index was estimated for 3 years (2016–2018). The severity of the disease was high during August–November. High incidence and disease index of ZLS was recorded in Doddamaragowdanahally region. The pathogenicity tests demonstrated similar symptoms of ZLS. The ITS barcoding revealed that the pathogen is closely related to Rhizoctonia bataticola and Macrophomina phaseolina. Further, in vitro evaluation of fungicides was carried out by poisoned food technique. Among the five fungicides examined, only two systemic fungicides (Benomyl and Carbendazim) were effective against D. mysorensis. Thus, the present study recommends Benomyl and Carbendazim for management of ZLS disease caused by D. mysorensis.
Introduction Cowpea, Vigna unguiculata (L.) Walp. (Fabaceae) is an important staple food for millions of people in the arid and semi-arid tropics [3, 25]. It has been estimated that about 3.3 million metric tonnes of cowpea produced worldwide during 2000. The global production of cowpea is up to 5.59 million * S. Mahadevakumar [email protected] 1
Department of Studies in Botany, University of Mysore, Manasagangotri, Mysore, Karnataka 570006, India
2
Department of Studies in Microbiology, University of Mysore, Manasagangotri, Mysore, Karnataka 570006, India
3
Applied Phytopathology Laboratory, Department of Studies in Botany, University of Mysore, Manasagangotri, Mysore, Karnataka 570006, India
4
Department of Biosciences, Mangalore University, Mangalagangotri, Mangalore, Karnataka 574199, India
5
Centre for Environmental Studies, Yenepoya (Deemed to be) University, Mangalore, Karnataka 575018, India
metric tonnes. The Western Africa contributes cowpea production up to 81% followed by Eastern Africa (8.68%) and Central Africa (4.37%) [1, 14, 33]. Cowpea is also a chief grain leg
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