Daily-Life Negative Affect in Emotional Distress Disorders Associated with Altered Frontoinsular Emotion Regulation Acti
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ORIGINAL ARTICLE
Daily‑Life Negative Affect in Emotional Distress Disorders Associated with Altered Frontoinsular Emotion Regulation Activation and Cortical Gyrification Jessica P. Y. Hua1,2,3,4 · Timothy J. Trull1 · Anne M. Merrill1,5 · Oriana T. T. Myers1 · Kelsey T. Straub1 · John G. Kerns1 Accepted: 10 September 2020 © Springer Science+Business Media, LLC, part of Springer Nature 2020
Abstract Background Emotional distress disorders are characterized by high daily-life negative affect and impaired positive reappraisal emotion regulation ability. These disorders have been associated with altered frontoinsular functioning in important emotion regulation regions, especially medial prefrontal cortex (PFC) and insula, and with structural abnormalities that could be indicative of aberrant underlying connectivity. However, the relationship between frontoinsular activation and structural morphometry with daily-life negative affect is unclear. Methods Using multimodal neuroimaging and ambulatory assessment, individuals with emotional distress disorders (n = 27) completed a positive reappraisal emotion regulation task during scanning and subsequently reported on their daily-life negative affect repeatedly for two weeks. Results Increased daily-life negative affect was associated with increased medial PFC positive reappraisal activation. In contrast, increased daily-life negative affect was associated with decreased positive reappraisal activation in the left insula and cognitive flexibility regions (putamen and cerebellum). Additionally, increased daily-life negative affect was associated with left insula hypergyria and right posterior/inferior parietal hypogyria. Follow-up psychophysiological interactions analyses found increased daily-life negative affect associated with increased medial PFC-insula functional connectivity during positive reappraisal. Conclusions Results suggest frontoinsular emotion regulation activation and gyrification abnormalities could be markers of increased daily-life negative affect and important treatment targets for emotional distress disorders. Keywords MRI · Positive reappraisal · Emotion regulation · Medial prefrontal cortex · Insula Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (https://doi.org/10.1007/s10608-020-10155-8) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users. * John G. Kerns [email protected] 1
Department of Psychological Sciences, University of Missouri, 204A McAlester Hall, Columbia, MO 65211, USA
2
Sierra Pacific Mental Illness Research Education and Clinical Centers, San Francisco VA Medical Center, University of California, San Francisco, CA, USA
3
Mental Health Service, San Francisco VA Medical Center, San Francisco, CA 94121, USA
4
Department of Psychiatry, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94143, USA
5
Kansas City VA Medical Center, Kansas City, MO 64128, USA
Introduction Individuals with emotional distress disorders experience high mean levels of negative affect in t
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