Negative Affect
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N1, N2, N3 ▶ Non-REM Sleep
N3 ▶ Slow-Wave Sleep
n-3 Fatty Acids ▶ Omega-3 Fatty Acids
National Cancer Institute Jasmin Tiro and Simon J. Craddock Lee Department of Clinical Sciences, The University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, USA
Basic Information The US National Cancer Institute (NCI) The National Cancer Institute is the oldest and largest of the 27 institutes and 6 centers that comprise the US National Institutes of Health (NIH), which are part of the US Department of Health and Human Services (DHHS) Public
Health Service (PHS). First established in 1937 by Congress, NCI’s mission and responsibilities were expanded in the National Cancer Act of 1971. Currently, the NCI’s main responsibility is to coordinate the National Cancer Program, which fosters research, training, and health information dissemination programs with respect to the cause, diagnosis, prevention, and treatment of cancer, rehabilitation from cancer, and survivorship concerns of cancer patients and their families. Through this program, the NCI: • Supports a national network of regional and community cancer centers • Conducts and fosters cancer research through intramural (its own laboratories and clinics) and extramural programs (grants and cooperative agreements with universities, hospitals, research foundations, and businesses) • Reviews, approves, and monitors grants supporting novel research projects on the causes, diagnosis, treatment, and prevention of cancer • Collects, analyzes, and disseminates cancer research findings • Trains health professionals in cancer diagnosis and treatment and researchers in basic, clinical, cancer control, behavioral, and population sciences • Supports collaborative research between US and foreign researchers Unique Budget Process of the NCI Unique among the institutes in the NIH, NCI has the authority to submit an annual budget
M.D. Gellman & J.R. Turner (eds.), Encyclopedia of Behavioral Medicine, DOI 10.1007/978-1-4419-1005-9, # Springer Science+Business Media New York 2013
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National Cancer Institute, Fig. 1 Bypass budget process of the National Cancer Institute (The National Cancer Institute, NIH (Bethesda, MD), http://www.cancer. gov/aboutnci/ servingpeople/nci-budgetinformation/budgetprocess. Accessed date 7/2011)
proposal directly to the president (called the “Bypass Budget” because it circumvents the NIH/DHHS budget process; see Fig. 1). The White House Office of Management and Budget (OMB) reviews and integrates the NCI proposal into the president’s executive branch budget which reflects the administration’s fiscal and management priorities for the next year. Then, Congress reviews the president’s proposal and makes a recommendation, and final appropriations are enacted into law after approval by both houses of Congress and signature by the president. Every year, NCI publishes online the Bypass Budget Proposal for the coming fiscal year and the Annual Fact Book, which summarizes the distribution of budget among the research programs and funding
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