Data-driven understanding of collective carbon nanotube growth by in situ characterization and nanoscale metrology
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Aligned carbon nanotubes (CNTs) possess great potential for transforming the fabrication of advanced interfacial materials for energy and mass transport as well as for structural composites. Realizing this potential, however, requires building a deeper understanding and exercising greater control on the atomic scale physicochemical processes underlying the bottom-up synthesis and self-organization of CNTs. Hence, in situ nanoscale metrology and characterization techniques were developed for interrogating CNTs as they grow, interact, and self-assemble. This article presents an overview of recent research on characterization of CNT growth by chemical vapor deposition (CVD), organized into three categories based on the growth stage, for which each technique provides information: (I) catalyst preparation and treatment, (II) catalytic activation and CNT nucleation, and (III) CNT growth and termination. Combining all three categories together provides insights into building the process–structure relationship, and paves the way for producing tailored CNT structures having desired properties for target applications.
Mostafa Bedewy
Dr. Mostafa Bedewy is an Assistant Professor at the University of Pittsburgh, where he leads the NanoProduct Lab (www.nanoproductlab.org). Before that, he worked as a Postdoctoral Associate at MIT in the area of bionanofabrication with Professor Karl K. Berggren. Also, he was previously a Postdoc at the MIT Laboratory for Manufacturing and Productivity (LMP), working with Professor A. John Hart on in situ characterization of carbon nanotube growth. In 2013, he completed his PhD at the University of Michigan in Ann Arbor, where he worked with Professor Hart on studying the population dynamics and the collective mechanochemical factors governing the growth and selforganization of filamentary nanostructures. He holds a Bachelor’s degree (honors) in Mechanical Design and Production Engineering (2006) and a Master’s degree in Mechanical Engineering (2009), both from Cairo University. Dr. Bedewy recently received the Robert A. Meyer Award from the American Carbon Society in 2016, the Richard and Eleanor Towner Prize for Distinguished Academic Achievement from the University of Michigan in 2014, and the Silver Award from the Materials Research Society (MRS) in 2013. His research interests include nanoscale manufacturing, metrology and material characterization, chemical vapor deposition, carbon nanotubes, self-assembly of hierarchical nanostructures, and engineering of biomolecular systems.
I. INTRODUCTION
Aligned carbon nanotubes (CNT), referred to as CNT forests, have repeatedly been shown to possess great potential for transforming the fabrication of thermal interfaces, electrical interconnects, nanoporous membranes, and structural fibers/composites.1,2 However, realizing this potential has proven to be challenging. A major challenge that hinders the successful integration of functional aligned CNTs into applications is the need for building the process–structure–property relationship that governs
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