Decadal characteristics of the floating Ulva and Sargassum in the Subei Shoal, Yellow Sea
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Decadal characteristics of the floating Ulva and Sargassum in the Subei Shoal, Yellow Sea Jie Xiao1, 2†, Shiliang Fan1†, Zongling Wang1, 2*, Mingzhu Fu1, 2, Hongjun Song1, 2, Xiao Wang1, Chao Yuan1, Min Pang1, 2, Xiaoxiang Miao1, 3, Xuelei Zhang1, 2 1 Key Laboratory of Marine Eco-Environmental Science and Technology, First Institute of Oceanography, Ministry of
Natural Resources, Qingdao 266061, China 2 Laboratory of Marine Ecology and Environmental Science, Pilot National Laboratory for Marine Science and
Technology (Qingdao), Qingdao 266237, China 3 College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266100, China
Received 12 February 2020; accepted 14 May 2020 © Chinese Society for Oceanography and Springer-Verlag GmbH Germany, part of Springer Nature 2020
Abstract
The data of field surveys during 2009 to 2018 was analyzed to understand the seasonality and inter-annual variability of the floating Ulva and Sargassum in the Subei Shoal, the southwestern Yellow Sea of China on decadal scale. The floating Ulva biomass was consistently originated from the central region of the Subei Shoal in middle to late April, increased rapidly, drifted and extended into the offshore water in May and June. The average floating Ulva biomass in the shoal generally increased over the years with evident inter-annual fluctuations. In contrast, pelagic Sargassum was accumulated in the Subei Shoal and formed the spring bloom only in 2013, 2017 and 2018, and the biomass was higher than the co-occurring Ulva during the survey in these three years. Compared to the raft-origin floating Ulva, genesis and development of the pelagic Sargassum was distinct. Based on the current research, the Sargassum biomass was exotic and often initiated in the offshore water in March, and intruded into the shoal in April and May. The analysis on the environmental parameters was inconclusive since multiple anthropogenic and non-indigenous factors could influence the green tides in this region. Further research covering both the East China Sea and the Yellow Sea is needed to trace the origin of the floating Sargassum and to understand the interactions between these two co-occurring seaweeds. Key words: seaweed bloom, green tide, golden tide, Ulva, Sargassum, Yellow Sea Citation: Xiao Jie, Fan Shiliang, Wang Zongling, Fu Mingzhu, Song Hongjun, Wang Xiao, Yuan Chao, Pang Min, Miao Xiaoxiang, Zhang Xuelei. 2020. Decadal characteristics of the floating Ulva and Sargassum in the Subei Shoal, Yellow Sea. Acta Oceanologica Sinica, 39(10): 1–10, doi: 10.1007/s13131-020-1655-4
1 Introduction In 2008, astonishing huge floating biomass of the seaweed Ulva prolifera accumulated in western Yellow Sea (YS), drifted along the coast of Jiangsu Province and farther north to the southern coasts of Shandong Province (Hu, 2009; Leliaert et al., 2009). Since then, the green tide recurred annually and was considered to be the world’s largest green tide in terms of its massive biomass and wide geographic distribution (Liu et al., 2009, 2013; Kees
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