Decision Support for Forest Management
This book offers a thorough review and explanation of decision support methods and tools, and shows how these are best applied to a wide range of situations in the practice of sustainable forest management. The goal is to provide both students and working
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Annika Kangas Mikko Kurttila Teppo Hujala Kyle Eyvindson Jyrki Kangas
Decision Support for Forest Management Second Edition
Managing Forest Ecosystems Volume 30
Series Editors Klaus von Gadow, Georg-August-University, G€ottingen, Germany Timo Pukkala, University of Joensuu, Joensuu, Finland Margarida Tome´, Instituto Superior de Agronomı´a, Lisbon, Portugal
Aims & Scope Well-managed forests and woodlands are a renewable resource, producing essential raw material with minimum waste and energy use. Rich in habitat and species diversity, forests may contribute to increased ecosystem stability. They can absorb the effects of unwanted deposition and other disturbances and protect neighbouring ecosystems by maintaining stable nutrient and energy cycles and by preventing soil degradation and erosion. They provide much-needed recreation and their continued existence contributes to stabilizing rural communities. Forests are managed for timber production and species, habitat and process conservation. A subtle shift from multiple-use management to ecosystems management is being observed and the new ecological perspective of multi-functional forest management is based on the principles of ecosystem diversity, stability and elasticity, and the dynamic equilibrium of primary and secondary production. Making full use of new technology is one of the challenges facing forest management today. Resource information must be obtained with a limited budget. This requires better timing of resource assessment activities and improved use of multiple data sources. Sound ecosystems management, like any other management activity, relies on effective forecasting and operational control. The aim of the book series Managing Forest Ecosystems is to present state-ofthe-art research results relating to the practice of forest management. Contributions are solicited from prominent authors. Each reference book, monograph or proceedings volume will be focused to deal with a specific context. Typical issues of the series are: resource assessment techniques, evaluating sustainability for evenaged and uneven-aged forests, multi-objective management, predicting forest development, optimizing forest management, biodiversity management and monitoring, risk assessment and economic analysis.
More information about this series at http://www.springer.com/series/6247
Annika Kangas • Mikko Kurttila • Teppo Hujala Kyle Eyvindson • Jyrki Kangas
Decision Support for Forest Management Second Edition
Annika Kangas Economics and Society Natural Resources Institute Finland (Luke) Joensuu, Finland
Mikko Kurttila Bio-based Business and Industry Natural Resources Institute Finland (Luke) Joensuu, Finland
Teppo Hujala Bio-based Business and Industry Natural Resources Institute Finland (Luke) Helsinki, Finland
Kyle Eyvindson Department of Forest Sciences University of Helsinki Helsinki, Finland
Jyrki Kangas School of Forest Sciences University of Eastern Finland Joensuu, Finland
ISSN 1568-1319 ISSN 2352-3956 (electronic) Managing Forest Ecosystems ISBN 978-3-
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