Decline of native bees (Apidae: Euglossa ) in a tropical forest of Panama
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Original article
Decline of native bees (Apidae: Euglossa ) in a tropical forest of Panama Álvaro VEGA-HILDAGO1 , Yostin AÑINO2,3 , Erin KRICHILSKY4 , Adam R. SMITH5 , Alonso SANTOS-MURGAS2 , Dumas GÁLVEZ6,7 1
Escuela de Ciencias Biológicas, Universidad Nacional de Costa Rica, Heredia, Costa Rica 2 Museo de Invertebrados G.B. Fairchild, Universidad de Panamá, Panamá, Panama 3 Programa de Maestría en Gestión Ambiental y Sostenibilidad, Universidad del Istmo, Panamá, Panama 4 Department of Entomology, Cornell University, Ithaca, USA 5 Department of Biological Sciences, George Washington University, Washington DC, USA 6 Programa Centroamericano de Maestría en Entomología, Panamá Universidad de Panamá, Estafeta Universitaria, Avenida Simón Bolívar, 0824, Panama, Panama 7 COIBA AIP, Panama, Panama Received 19 December 2019 – Revised 25 May 2020 – Accepted 5 June 2020
Abstract – We measured abundance, diversity, and richness of Euglossa bees (Euglossini, Apidae) in lowland semi-deciduous forest in Darién National Park, Panamá, during the wet and dry seasons in the canopy and understory for five consecutive years (2013 to 2017) using McPhail traps baited with eucalyptus oil. We found a precipitous decline in abundance and richness throughout the 5 years of our study. Alpha diversity also declined throughout the study. Abundance, species richness and alpha diversity were significantly higher in the dry than in the wet season. There were no significant differences in the diversity, richness, or abundance between the canopy and understory. Our data contrast sharply with previous long-term studies of euglossine bees which showed stable populations. abundance / insect decline / species richness / tropical forest / pollinator
1. INTRODUCTION Several recent studies have demonstrated widespread declines in bee populations (Biesmeijer et al. 2006; Kosior et al. 2007; Colla and Packer 2008; Frankie et al. 2009; Winfree et al. 2009; Brown and Paxton 2009; Potts et al. 2010; Ollerton et al. 2011; Burkle et al. 2013; Senapathi Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (https://doi.org/10.1007/s13592-020-00781-2) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
Corresponding author: D. Gálvez, [email protected] Manuscript editor: Cedric Alaux
et al. 2015; Goulson et al. 2015; Koh et al. 2016; Ollerton 2017; Sánchez-Bayo and Wyckhuys 2019). These declines are typically associated with anthropogenic disturbances such as habitat loss or pesticide use. The prominent role of anthropogenic disturbance in bee population declines suggests that bees in undisturbed areas may fare better. Some studies of bee populations in protected or otherwise stable areas show relatively stable populations (e.g., Frankie et al. 1998; Roubik and Wolda 2001; Roubik 2001; Roubik and Villanueva-Gutiérrez 2009; Archer 2013; Herrera 2019). This suggests that long-term survey work in intact, protected habitats is thus important for documenting the fauna in those regions and also monitoring changes over tim
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