Vitellogenin of the solitary bees Centris tarsata and Centris analis (Hymenoptera: Apidae): cDNA structural analysis and
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Original article
Vitellogenin of the solitary bees Centris tarsata and Centris analis (Hymenoptera: Apidae): cDNA structural analysis and gene expression Júlia Colombelli AGOSTINI1,2 , Claudineia Pereira COSTA3 , Jaíne Taís FERREIRA1 , Adriana Cristina DIAS1 , Nathália Prestes GUERRA1 , Zilá Luz Paulino SIMÕES4 , Anete Pedro LOURENÇO1 1
Departamento de Ciências Biológicas, Faculdade de Ciências Biológicas e da Saúde, Universidade Federal dos Vales do Jequitinhonha e Mucuri, Diamantina, MG, Brazil 2 Universidade Federal da Integração Latino-Americana, Foz do Iguaçu, PR, Brazil 3 Department of Entomology, University of California, Riverside, CA, USA 4 Departamento de Biologia, Faculdade de Filosofia, Ciências e Letras de Ribeirão Preto, Universidade de São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, SP, Brazil Received 24 April 2020 – Revised 4 September 2020 – Accepted 29 September 2020
Abstract – Vitellogenin (Vg) plays a vital role in the reproduction of oviparous species, as the precursor of the major egg storage protein. In bees, most of the studies of this protein rely on honey bees (Apis mellifera ), and very little is known in solitary species. The solitary bees Centris tarsata and C. analis were chosen to characterize vg cDNA and better understand its expression. The Vg-deduced amino acid sequences from these bees have typical Vg features found in other hymenopterans. Besides its main site of synthesis, the fat body, transcripts of vg were also observed in ovaries. Males also showed expression of vg , although in lower levels compared with females. During development, vg expression was observed in late larvae, pupae, and female adults. The highest amounts of vg transcripts were observed in egg-laying females. Expression of vg increased rapidly in a few hours after female adult emergence, which indicates that its gene expression does not depend on mating to be triggered. vitellogenin / gene expression / males / ovaries
1. INTRODUCTION Vitellogenin (Vg) is one of the most important reproduction-related proteins in egg-laying animals, as it is the precursor of the yolk protein vitellin (Vn), the main energy source for developElectronic supplementary material The online version of this article (https://doi.org/10.1007/s13592-020-00818-6) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
Corresponding author: A. Lourenço, [email protected] Manuscript editor: Cedric Alaux
ing embryos (Raikhel and Dhadialla 1992; Sappington and Raikhel 1998). Thus, vitellogenesis is crucial for the reproduction of oviparous animals (Wahli 1988; Carducci et al. 2019). In several species of insects, including social and solitary bees, the ability to initiate vitellogenesis and subsequently promote the growth of the ovaries depends on rates of synthesis of Vg (Hartfelder and Engels 1998; Barchuk et al. 2002; Morandin et al. 2019). Vg is synthesized primarily by the fat body and after synthesis undergoes extensive structural alterations such as phosphorylation, lipidation, glycosylation, among other processes (Raikhel
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