Decreasing stand density favors resistance, resilience, and recovery of Quercus petraea trees to a severe drought, parti
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RESEARCH PAPER
Decreasing stand density favors resistance, resilience, and recovery of Quercus petraea trees to a severe drought, particularly on dry sites Anna Schmitt 1,2 & Raphaël Trouvé 3 & Ingrid Seynave 1 & François Lebourgeois 1 Received: 20 December 2019 / Accepted: 28 April 2020 # INRAE and Springer-Verlag France SAS, part of Springer Nature 2020
Abstract & Key message Decreasing stand density increases resistance, resilience, and recovery of Quercus petraea trees to severe drought (2003), particularly on dry sites, and the effect was independent of tree social status. & Context Controlling competition is an advocated strategy to modulate the response of trees to predicted changes in climate. & Aims We investigated the effects of stand density (low, medium, high; relative density index 0.20, 0.53, 1.04), social status (dominant, codominant, suppressed), and water balance (dry, mesic, wet; summer water balance − 182, − 126, − 96 mm) on the climate-growth relationships (1997–2012) and resistance (Rt), resilience (Rs), and recovery (Rc) following the 2003 drought. & Methods Basal area increments were collected by coring (269 trees) in young stands (28 ± 7.5 years in 2012) of sessile oak (Quercus petraea) in a French permanent network of silvicultural plots. & Results We showed that the climate-growth relationships depend on average site-level water balance with trees highly dependent on spring and summer droughts on dry and mesic sites and not at all on wet sites. Neither stand density nor social status modulated mean response to climate. Decreasing stand density increased Rt, Rs, and Rc particularly on dry sites. The effect was independent of tree social position within the stand. & Conclusion Reducing stand density mitigates more the effect of extreme drought events on drier sites than on wet sites. Keywords Resistance . Resilience . Drought . Stand density . Quercus petraea . Silvicultural network
1 Introduction
Handling Editor: Marco Ferretti * François Lebourgeois [email protected] Anna Schmitt [email protected] Raphaël Trouvé [email protected] Ingrid Seynave [email protected] 1
Université de Lorraine, AgroParisTech, INRAE, Silva, 54000 Nancy, France
2
Office National des Forêts, Unité Territoriale de Vesoul, 70000 Vesoul, France
3
Department of Forest and Ecosystem Science, University of Melbourne, Richmond, VIC 3121, Australia
In the next decades, climate warming is expected to increase leading to more frequent heatwave and drought events (Jentsch and Beierkuhnlein 2008; Schar et al. 2004; Sterl et al. 2008). As in forest stand, soil water is one of the main resource that trees must share (Granier et al. 1999); progressive or abrupt changes in soil constraints can trigger important tree dysfunctions (Allen et al. 2010; Gustafson and Sturtevant 2013; Neumann et al. 2017) and play a major role in shaping forest ecosystems (Ruiz-Benito et al. 2017). For tree species, radial growth is commonly used as an indicator of vigor (Cailleret et al. 2016) and tree-ri
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