Deep learning model for estimating the mechanical properties of concrete containing silica fume exposed to high temperat
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TRANSDISCIPLINARY INSIGHT
Deep learning model for estimating the mechanical properties of concrete containing silica fume exposed to high temperatures Harun TANYILDIZIa* , Abdulkadir ŞENGÜRb, Yaman AKBULUTb, Murat ŞAHİNa a b *
Faculty of Technology, Department of Civil Engineering, Firat University, Elazig 23100, Turkey Faculty of Technology, Department of Electrical-Electronics Engineering, Firat University, Elazig 23100, Turkey
Corresponding author. E-mail: htanyildizi@firat.edu.tr
© Higher Education Press 2020
ABSTRACT In this study, the deep learning models for estimating the mechanical properties of concrete containing silica fume subjected to high temperatures were devised. Silica fume was used at concentrations of 0%, 5%, 10%, and 20%. Cube specimens (100 mm 100 mm 100 mm) were prepared for testing the compressive strength and ultrasonic pulse velocity. They were cured at 20°C2°C in a standard cure for 7, 28, and 90 d. After curing, they were subjected to temperatures of 20°C, 200°C, 400°C, 600°C, and 800°C. Two well-known deep learning approaches, i.e., stacked autoencoders and long short-term memory (LSTM) networks, were used for forecasting the compressive strength and ultrasonic pulse velocity of concrete containing silica fume subjected to high temperatures. The forecasting experiments were carried out using MATLAB deep learning and neural network tools, respectively. Various statistical measures were used to validate the prediction performances of both the approaches. This study found that the LSTM network achieved better results than the stacked autoencoders. In addition, this study found that deep learning, which has a very good prediction ability with little experimental data, was a convenient method for civil engineering. KEYWORDS
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concrete, high temperature, strength properties, deep learning, stacked auto-encoders, LSTM network
Introduction
Durability is very important for reinforced concrete structures as it affects the service life of these structures. The durability can be affected by sulfate attacks, hightemperature reinforcement corrosion, alkali-aggregate reactions, and the effects of sulfate and carbonation. The effects on the strength properties of concrete subjected to high temperatures have been widely explored [1–6]. Concrete shows better behavior when exposed to fire or high temperatures compared to other construction materials [7]. When concrete is exposed to high temperatures, chemical and physical reactions occur [8], for example, a large loss of compressive strength (CS), wide and deep cracks, disintegrations, and a significant decrease in durability can occur [9–11]. When concrete is exposed to temperatures of 200°C, there are small decreases in Article history: Received Jul 5, 2019; Accepted Sep 9, 2019
strength [12]; however, microcracks were not observed between the cement matrix and ITZ (Interfacial Transition Zone) [13]. The strength of concrete decreases with increasing temperatures. C-S-H starts to deteriorate at 400°C. Moreover, microcracks increase with incr
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