Deep Oil Spills Facts, Fate, and Effects
The demand for oil and gas has brought exploration and production to unprecedented depths of the world’s oceans. Currently, over 50% of the oil from the Gulf of Mexico now comes from waters in excess of 1,500 meters (one mile) deep, where no oil was
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Fate, and Effects
Deep Oil Spills
Steven A. Murawski • Cameron H. Ainsworth Sherryl Gilbert • David J. Hollander Claire B. Paris • Michael Schlüter Dana L. Wetzel Editors
Deep Oil Spills Facts, Fate, and Effects
Editors Steven A. Murawski College of Marine Science University of South Florida St. Petersburg, FL, USA
Cameron H. Ainsworth College of Marine Science University of South Florida St. Petersburg, FL, USA
Sherryl Gilbert College of Marine Science University of South Florida Saint Petersburg, FL, USA
David J. Hollander College of Marine Science University of South Florida St. Petersburg, FL, USA
Claire B. Paris Rosenstiel School of Marine & Atmospheric Science University of Miami Miami, FL, USA
Michael Schlüter Hamburg University of Technology Hamburg, Germany
Dana L. Wetzel Mote Marine Laboratory Sarasota, FL, USA
ISBN 978-3-030-11604-0 ISBN 978-3-030-11605-7 (eBook) https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-11605-7 © Springer Nature Switzerland AG 2020 This work is subject to copyright. All rights are reserved by the Publisher, whether the whole or part of the material is concerned, specifically the rights of translation, reprinting, reuse of illustrations, recitation, broadcasting, reproduction on microfilms or in any other physical way, and transmission or information storage and retrieval, electronic adaptation, computer software, or by similar or dissimilar methodology now known or hereafter developed. The use of general descriptive names, registered names, trademarks, service marks, etc. in this publication does not imply, even in the absence of a specific statement, that such names are exempt from the relevant protective laws and regulations and therefore free for general use. The publisher, the authors, and the editors are safe to assume that the advice and information in this book are believed to be true and accurate at the date of publication. Neither the publisher nor the authors or the editors give a warranty, express or implied, with respect to the material contained herein or for any errors or omissions that may have been made. The publisher remains neutral with regard to jurisdictional claims in published maps and institutional affiliations. This Springer imprint is published by the registered company Springer Nature Switzerland AG The registered company address is: Gewerbestrasse 11, 6330 Cham, Switzerland
Foreword and Dedication
Eric Brown, a British aircraft engineer, described structural engineering as “the art of molding materials we do not really understand into shapes we cannot really analyze, so as to withstand forces we cannot really assess, in such a way that the public does not really suspect” (quote from Broad 2010). There is much to learn from engineering failures regarding the fragility of such structures and systems (Love et al. 2011), no more so than those of oil rig blowouts such as Deepwater Horizon (DWH) and Ixtoc 1, the two largest accidental blowouts in world history. While the forensics of engineering and systems failures in the Deepwater Horizon case are
