Modeling Crude Oil Fate and Transport in Freshwater
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Modeling Crude Oil Fate and Transport in Freshwater Lillian C. Jeznach 1
&
Aarthi Mohan 2 & John E. Tobiason 2 & David A. Reckhow 2
Received: 30 April 2019 / Accepted: 24 August 2020 # Springer Nature Switzerland AG 2020
Abstract Accidental contaminant spills in surface freshwater drinking sources put the public at risk, lower consumer confidence, and are costly to clean up. Although crude oil is commonly transported in close proximity to drinking water supplies, much of the research has focused on the fate and transport of crude oil in marine and riverine systems, not reservoirs. This study illustrates an application of a proactive spill modeling method to simulate crude oil fate and transport in a reservoir using a combination of laboratory and modeling investigation. Dissolution trends of benzene, toluene, and ethylbenzene from hypothetical accidental input scenarios were estimated by solid-phase micro-extraction combined (SPME) with gas chromatography mass spectrometry (GC/MS) methods. Laboratory dissolution trends informed inputs to a hydrodynamic and water quality model, CE-QUAL-W2, which simulated the fate and transport of the crude oil components within a reservoir with a focus on water quality impacts at the drinking water intake. The method can be applied to proactively quantify and scientifically guide emergency response planning and management of drinking water reservoirs in the event of an accidental crude oil spill. Keywords Reservoir management . Contaminant spills . Models . Water quality . Drinking water . Crude oil . CE-QUAL-W2
1 Introduction Accidental contaminant spills into freshwater drinking sources are a major source of concern for water resource managers, utilities, and water consumers. Contamination events may include spills of oil, petroleum, and chemical products from roadway and railway accidents, accidental releases from storage tanks, insecticides and herbicides in agricultural runoff, or pathogens from untreated sewer discharges. Contaminant events are low probability, but high-risk events, where poor source water quality at a drinking water intake can potentially lead to costly damage at treatment plants, lowered consumer confidence, and significant risk to public health. During the years 2004 to 2014, there were 351,000 incidents or chemical spills the US National Response Center
* Lillian C. Jeznach [email protected] 1
School of Engineering, Computing and Construction Management, Roger Williams University, One Old Ferry Road, Bristol, RI 02809, USA
2
Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, University of Massachusetts, Amherst, 18 Marston Hall, 130 Natural Resources Rd, Amherst, MA 01003, USA
received reports of and approximately half of those incidences resulted in contamination of a water resource [1]. One recent example of a chemical spill incident was a leak from a chemical storage tank into the Elk River in West Virginia in January of 2014 [2, 3]. An estimated 37,854 L (10,000 gal) of 4methylcyclohexane methanol (MCHM) and propylene glycol phenyl ether (PPH
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