Deep Space Flight and Communications Exploiting the Sun as a Gravita
The majority of books dealing with prospects for interstellar flight tackle the problem of the propulsion systems that will be needed to send a craft on an interstellar trajectory. The proposed book looks at two other, equally important aspects of such sp
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Claudio Maccone
Deep Space Flight and Communications Exploiting the Sun as a Gravitational Lens
Published in association with
Praxis Publishing Chichester, UK
Dr Claudio Maccone International Academy of Astronautics & Istituto Nazionale di Astro®sica Via Martorelli 43 - 10155 Torino (Turin) Italy Email: [email protected] Cover image # by Lionel Bret, titled ``un teÂlescope astronomique'' and originally published in the French magazine ``Science et vie'', July 2000 issue, pages 72±73. By kind permission of the French publisher ``Groupe Excelsior'', 1, rue du Colonel Pierre Avia, 75503 Paris Cedex 15.
SPRINGER±PRAXIS BOOKS IN ASTRONAUTICAL ENGINEERING SUBJECT ADVISORY EDITOR: John Mason B.Sc., M.Sc., Ph.D.
ISBN 978-3-540-72942-6 Springer Berlin Heidelberg New York Springer is part of Springer-Science + Business Media (springer.com) Library of Congress Control Number: 2007939976 Apart from any fair dealing for the purposes of research or private study, or criticism or review, as permitted under the Copyright, Designs and Patents Act 1988, this publication may only be reproduced, stored or transmitted, in any form or by any means, with the prior permission in writing of the publishers, or in the case of reprographic reproduction in accordance with the terms of licences issued by the Copyright Licensing Agency. Enquiries concerning reproduction outside those terms should be sent to the publishers. # Praxis Publishing Ltd, Chichester, UK, 2009 The use of general descriptive names, registered names, trademarks, etc. in this publication does not imply, even in the absence of a speci®c statement, that such names are exempt from the relevant protective laws and regulations and therefore free for general use. Cover design: Jim Wilkie Project management: Originator Publishing Services Ltd, Gt Yarmouth, Norfolk, UK Printed in Germany on acid-free paper
Contents
Preface . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
xiii
Preface to earlier works . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
xv
Acknowledgments . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
xix
Foreword. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
xxi
List of ®gures . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
xxiii
List of tables . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . xxvii List of abbreviations and acronyms . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
xxix
A brief overview of the Sun as a gravitational lens . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
xxxi
PART I 1
Space missions to the Sun's gravity focus (550 to 1,000 AU) .
1
So much gain at 550 AU . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1.1 Introduction . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1.2 The minimal focal distance of 550 AU for electromagnetic waves 1.3 The (antenna) gain of the gravitational lens of the Sun. . .
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