Deformation and Stability Analyses of Hybrid Earth Retaining Structures
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(2020) 6:37
ORIGINAL PAPER
Deformation and Stability Analyses of Hybrid Earth Retaining Structures V. Sundaravel1 · G. R. Dodagoudar1 Received: 17 March 2020 / Accepted: 5 August 2020 © Springer Nature Switzerland AG 2020
Abstract Hybrid earth retaining structure (HERS) is an efficient solution for earth retention problems that face spatial constraints. Deformation and stability analyses of the HERS have not been studied rigorously. The present study focuses on the development of predictive equations for the estimation of maximum lateral facing displacement and global factor of safety of the mechanically stabilized earth (MSE) over the soil nail (SN) hybrid retaining (MSE/SN) wall, a category of the HERS. Multiple linear regression is performed using the method of least squares to develop the predictive equations. The regression models for the MSE/SN wall are proposed using the data generated from the finite element model of the MSE wall of heights 6, 8 and 10 m. The adequacy of the predictive equations is verified by evaluating the summary of fit statistics. The failure surface of the MSE/SN wall consists of two parts: (i) a linear surface which propagates internally through the bottom nail of the SN wall starting at the toe of the MSE/SN wall and propagates externally through the remaining height of the SN wall, and (ii) continuation of the linear surface externally behind the reinforcement through the MSE wall. It is concluded that the predominant deformation modes are base sliding, rotation about the base and local bulging of the MSE wall. The failure surface always passes through the soil nails and therefore, it is recommended that the ultimate pullout capacity of the nails should be assessed during the design of the MSE/SN walls. Keywords MSE/SN wall · Finite element model · Facing displacement · Factor of safety · Failure mechanism · Predictive equations
Introduction For several decades, full height mechanically stabilized earth (MSE) [1–4] and/or soil nail (SN) walls [5–7] have been successfully used in the transportation infrastructure. However, the MSE and SN walls are typically fill and cut types earth retaining structures, respectively. The MSE wall over the SN wall constitutes a hybrid earth retaining (MSE/SN) wall, usually categorised under the broad class of hybrid earth retaining structure (HERS). Nowadays, HERS have become inevitable in the transportation sector, where both the cut and fill situations are encountered concurrently and are very common in the mountainous regions. The use of MSE/SN wall results in the substantial reduction in earth volume apart from maintaining and improving the inherent * V. Sundaravel [email protected] 1
Department of Civil Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology Madras, Chennai 600036, India
stability of the slopes. The behaviour of the MSE/SN wall, being a composite structure of two different passive reinforcing techniques, is complicated due to the complex behaviour of the individual component materials, their interactions, geometry and method
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