Innovative Solutions for Deep Foundations and Retaining Structures P

This edited book’s theme is organized as a part of the GeoMEast 2019 International Congress and Exhibition that was held in Cairo, Egypt, on November 10–14 2019.The editors like to express their deep appreciation and gratitude to the authors for their val

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Pedro Pinto Chang-Yu Ou Hany Shehata Editors

Innovative Solutions for Deep Foundations and Retaining Structures Proceedings of the 3rd GeoMEast International Congress and Exhibition, Egypt 2019 on Sustainable Civil Infrastructures – The Official International Congress of the Soil-Structure Interaction Group in Egypt (SSIGE)

Sustainable Civil Infrastructures Editor-in-Chief Hany Farouk Shehata, SSIGE, Soil-Interaction Group in Egypt SSIGE, Cairo, Egypt Advisory Editors Khalid M. ElZahaby, Housing and Building National Research Center, Giza, Egypt Dar Hao Chen, Austin, TX, USA

Sustainable Infrastructure impacts our well-being and day-to-day lives. The infrastructures we are building today will shape our lives tomorrow. The complex and diverse nature of the impacts due to weather extremes on transportation and civil infrastructures can be seen in our roadways, bridges, and buildings. Extreme summer temperatures, droughts, flash floods, and rising numbers of freeze-thaw cycles pose challenges for civil infrastructure and can endanger public safety. We constantly hear how civil infrastructures need constant attention, preservation, and upgrading. Such improvements and developments would obviously benefit from our desired book series that provide sustainable engineering materials and designs. The economic impact is huge and much research has been conducted worldwide. The future holds many opportunities, not only for researchers in a given country, but also for the worldwide field engineers who apply and implement these technologies. We believe that no approach can succeed if it does not unite the efforts of various engineering disciplines from all over the world under one umbrella to offer a beacon of modern solutions to the global infrastructure. Experts from the various engineering disciplines around the globe will participate in this series, including: Geotechnical, Geological, Geoscience, Petroleum, Structural, Transportation, Bridge, Infrastructure, Energy, Architectural, Chemical and Materials, and other related Engineering disciplines.

More information about this series at http://www.springer.com/series/15140

Pedro Pinto Chang-Yu Ou Hany Shehata •



Editors

Innovative Solutions for Deep Foundations and Retaining Structures Proceedings of the 3rd GeoMEast International Congress and Exhibition, Egypt 2019 on Sustainable Civil Infrastructures – The Official International Congress of the Soil-Structure Interaction Group in Egypt (SSIGE)

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Editors Pedro Pinto International Society for Soil Mechanics and Geotechnical Engineering (ISSMGE) Portugal, Portugal

Chang-Yu Ou Chinese Taipei Geotechnical Society Taiwan, Taiwan

Hany Shehata Soil-Structure Interaction Group in Egypt (SSIGE) Cairo, Egypt

ISSN 2366-3405 ISSN 2366-3413 (electronic) Sustainable Civil Infrastructures ISBN 978-3-030-34189-3 ISBN 978-3-030-34190-9 (eBook) https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-34190-9 © Springer Nature Switzerland AG 2020 This work is subject to copyright. All rights are reserved by the Publisher, whether the whole or part of