Deformation characteristics of anti-dip rock slope controlled by discontinuities: a case study
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ORIGINAL PAPER
Deformation characteristics of anti-dip rock slope controlled by discontinuities: a case study Xin Liu 1 & Yupeng Shen 1,2
&
Peng Zhang 3 & Tianxiao Tang 1 & Yue Liu 1 & Yuke An 4
Received: 16 March 2020 / Accepted: 8 October 2020 # Springer-Verlag GmbH Germany, part of Springer Nature 2020
Abstract The stability analysis of a rock slope is one of the most important problems in geotechnical engineering. The stability and failure mode are directly affected by the discontinuities in rock mass. Based on the case of an anti-dip slope with multi-group discontinuities at the Diaokanlong Tunnel of Rucheng-Chenzhou Expressway in central China, the deformation characteristics and evolution process of slope failure were analyzed by means of field investigation, deformation monitoring, and numerical simulation. Meanwhile, the failure mechanism was discussed, and suggestions for slope reinforcement were proposed. The results revealed that the failure of a rock slope is mainly controlled by its discontinuities, and the deformation at different scales is determined by different levels of discontinuities. The failure mode of a slope is a combination of sliding and toppling. These results would provide reference resources for the reinforcement design for such anti-dip slopes. Keywords Discontinuities . Anti-dip rock slope . Deformation characteristics . Evolution process . Failure mechanism
Introduction A rock mass comprises of complete rock blocks and discontinuities with different sizes and shapes. The mass is cut by discontinuities, resulting in geometry discontinuity and mechanical anisotropy, which are the most sensitive factors that influence the stability of a slope (Bray and Goodman 1981; Adhikary et al. 1997). Meanwhile, the medium characteristics and mechanical properties of a rock mass are mainly determined by these discontinuities, playing a key role in the failure of a rock slope (Gu 1979; Sun 1993). Compared with bedding landslides, the failure mode of anti-dip rock slope is mainly flexural toppling, with an obvious nodding phenomenon, and tensile cracks usually appear at * Yupeng Shen [email protected] 1
School of Civil Engineering, Beijing Jiaotong University, Beijing 100044, China
2
Beijing Key Laboratory of Track Engineering, Beijing Jiaotong University, Beijing 100044, China
3
Hunan Provincial Communications Planning, Survey & Design Institute Co., Ltd., Changsha 410083, China
4
Gansu Province Transportation Planning, Survey&Desing Institute CO., Ltd., Lanzhou 730030, China
the back edge of rock slope (Pinheiro et al. 2015; Zheng et al. 2018). The stability of anti-dip rock slope is significantly affected by factors such as rock inclination angle, thickness, and distribution of weak discontinuities (Majdi and Amini 2011; Amini et al. 2017). A number of studies on rock slope failures have revealed that rock landslides usually occur on the active surface, with the weakest strength due to discontinuities and that the rheological deformation of discontinuities is the key factor for the
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