DEM Extraction in Urban Areas Using High-Resolution TerraSAR-X Imagery
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RESEARCH ARTICLE
DEM Extraction in Urban Areas Using High-Resolution TerraSAR-X Imagery Umut Gunes Sefercik & Naci Yastikli & Iulia Dana
Received: 29 December 2012 / Accepted: 12 August 2013 # Indian Society of Remote Sensing 2013
Abstract Three-dimensional (3D) spatial information is crucial for improving the quality of human life through urban planning and management, and it is widely utilized due to its rapid, periodic and inexpensive acquisition. In this context, extraction of digital surface and elevation models (DSM and DEM) is a significant research topic for space-borne optical and synthetic aperture radar (SAR) remote sensing. The DSMs include visible features on the earth’s surface such as vegetation, forest and elevated man-made objects, while DEMs contain only the bare ground. In this paper, using TerraSAR-X (TSX) high resolution Spotlight (HS) images, high-resolution interferometric DEM generation in a part of Istanbul urban area is aimed. This is not an easy task because of SAR imaging problems in complex geometry of urban settlements. The interferometric processing steps for DSM generation were discussed including critical parameters and thresholds to improve the quality of the final product and a 3 m gridded DSM was generated. The DSM-DEM conversion was performed by filtering and the quality of generated DEM was verified against a reference DEM from stereo photogrammetry with 3 m original grid spacing. The achieved root mean square error of height differences (RMSZ) varies from 7.09 to 8.11 m, depending on the terrain slope. The differential DEM, illustrates the height differences between generated DEM and the reference DEM, was generated to show the correlation U. G. Sefercik (*) Department of Geomatics Engineering, Bulent Ecevit University, 67100 Zonguldak, Turkey e-mail: [email protected] N. Yastikli Department of Geomatics Engineering, Yildiz Technical University, Davutpasa Campus, 34210 Istanbul, Turkey e-mail: [email protected] I. Dana Romanian Space Agency, Bucharest, Romania e-mail: [email protected]
between height differences and the coherence map. Finally, a perspective view of test area was created draping extracted DEM and a high-resolution IKONOS panchromatic image. Keywords TerraSAR-X . Urban . Interferometric synthetic aperture radar . Digital elevation model . Generation . Accuracy . Perspective view
Introduction Three-dimensional (3D) spatial information plays an important role in critical decisions regarding city planning and urban development. Projects that aim to analyze population mobility, road network design, tracking, prevention of illegal housing, etc., in urban areas require accurate digital surface models (DSMs) and digital elevation models (DEMs). DSMs and DEMs are required for a wide range of other applications, such as the creation of perspective views and relief maps (Fraser 2003), orthophoto generation, disaster monitoring and management (Ranganath et al. 2007; Christie et al. 2009; López-Quiroz et al. 2009), geographical information system (GIS) establis
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