Democracy and Apartheid Political Theory, Comparative Politics and t
South Africa's 1994 election was widely hailed around the world as miraculous. In this book, Anthony Butler examines South African experiences to cast doubt on this celebratory attitude to democracy. Contemporary political analysis highlights the benefits
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Anthony Butler
DEMOCRACY AND APARTHEID
Also by Anthony Butler and from the same publishers
TRANSFORMATIVE POLITICS: The Future of Socialism in Western Europe
Democracy and Apartheid Political Theory, Comparative Politics and the Modern South African State
Anthony Butler Lecturer in Politics University of Nottingham
First published in Great Britain 1998 by
MACMILLAN PRESS LTD
Houndmills, Basingstoke, Hampshire RG2l 6XS and London Companies and representatives throughout the world A catalogue record for this book is available from the British Library.
ISBN 978-1-349-39830-0 ISBN 978-0-230-37460-7 (eBook) DOl 10.1057/978-0-230-37460-7
First published in the United States of America 1998 by
ST. MARTIN'S PRESS, INC.,
Scholarly and Reference Division, 175 Fifth Avenue, New York, N.Y. 10010
ISBN
978-0-312-21696-3
Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data Butler, Anthony, 1964Democracy and apartheid: political theory, comparative politics and the modem South African state I Anthony Butler. p. em. Includes bibliographical references and index. ISBN 978-0-312-21696-3 (cloth) 1. Democracy-South Africa. 2. Apartheid-South Africa. 3. Elections-South Africa. 4. South Africa-Politics and government-20th century. 5. Democracy. 6. Democratization. 1. Title. JQ1981.B89 1998 320.968'09'049-dc2l 98-28376 CIP © Anthony Butler 1998
Softcover reprint of the hardcover 1st edition 1998 All rights reserved. No reproduction, copy or transmission of this publication may be made without written permission. No paragraph of this publication may be reproduced, copied or transmitted save with written permission or in accordance with the provisions of the Copyright, Designs and Patents Act 1988, or under the terms of any licence permitting limited copying issued by the Copyright Licensing Agency, 90 Tottenham Court Road, London WIP 9HE. Any person who does any unauthorised act in relation to this publication may be liable to criminal prosecution and civil claims for damages. The author has asserted his right to be identified as the author of this work in accordance with the Copyright, Designs and Patents Act 1988. This book is printed on paper suitable for recycling and made from fully managed and sustained forest sources. 10 07
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Printed and bound in Great Britain by Antony Rowe Ltd, Chippenham, Wiltshire
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Tessa inja entle kakhulu something to chew on
Contents Preface
ix
1
Introduction
1
2
A Periodization of South African History
6
3
Historical Debates and Political Analysis
30
4
Democracy and Apartheid
54
5
Analysing Democratic Transitions
86
6
Political Science and the End of Apartheid
105
7
The Failure of Political Science
127
8
Conclusions
156
Notes
176
Bibliography
197
Index
205
vii
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Preface I have incurred many institutional and personal debts in writing this book. I am grateful to the fellows of Emmanuel College, Cambridge, to the trustees of the Jan S
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