Theory and Evidence in Comparative Politics and International Relations
This book explores the epistemology and the methodology of political knowledge and social inquiry: what can we know, and how do we know? Contributing authors offer answers, addressing the purpose and methods of research and analyzing concepts, including t
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New Visions in Security Series Editor: Richard Ned Lebow
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Theory and Evidence in Comparative Politics and International Relations Edited by Richard Ned Lebow and Mark Irving Lichbach
THEORY AND EVIDENCE IN COMPARATIVE POLITICS AND INTERNATIONAL RELATIONS
Copyright © Richard Ned Lebow and Mark Irving Lichbach, 2007. Softcover reprint of the hardcover 1st edition 2007 978-1-4039-7456-3 All rights reserved. No part of this book may be used or reproduced in any manner whatsoever without written permission except in the case of brief quotations embodied in critical articles or reviews. First published in 2007 by PALGRAVE MACMILLAN™ 175 Fifth Avenue, New York, N.Y. 10010 and Houndmills, Basingstoke, Hampshire, England RG21 6XS Companies and representatives throughout the world. PALGRAVE MACMILLAN is the global academic imprint of the Palgrave Macmillan division of St. Martin’s Press, LLC and of Palgrave Macmillan Ltd. Macmillan® is a registered trademark in the United States, United Kingdom and other countries. Palgrave is a registered trademark in the European Union and other countries. ISBN 978-1-4039-7661-1 ISBN 978-0-230-60750-7 (eBook) DOI 10.1057/9780230607507
Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data Theory and evidence in comparative politics and international relations / edited by Richard Ned Lebow and Mark Irving Lichbach. p. cm. Includes bibliographical references and index. ISBN 978-1-4039-7661-1 (pb) 1. Social sciences––Philosophy. 2. Social sciences––Methodology. 3. Political science––Philosophy. 4. Political science––Methodology. 5. Knowledge, Theory of. 6. Science––Philosophy. I. Lebow, Richard Ned. II. Lichbach, Mark Irving, 1951– H61.S58976 2007 300.1––dc22
2007060712
A catalogue record for this book is available from the British Library. Design by Newgen Imaging Systems (P) Ltd., Chennai, India. First edition: August 2007 10 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1
To Kate, Eli, David and Andrew And to Sammi Jo and Yossi
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Contents
About the Authors
ix
1. What Can We Know? How Do We Know? Richard Ned Lebow
1
Part I Foundational Claims 2. Evidence, Inference, and Truth as Problems of Theory Building in the Social Sciences Friedrich V. Kratochwil 3. The Limits of Interpreting Evidence Ted Hopf
Part II
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The Product of Inquiry
4. Beyond Logical Positivism: Reframing King, Keohane, and Verba Brian M. Pollins 5. Methodological Pluralism and the Limits of Naturalism in the Study of Politics Fred Chernoff
Part III
25
87
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The Purpose and Methods of Research
6. Transforming Inferences into Explana
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