Dendrocalamus Nees
The genus Dendrocalamus was first described by Nees in Linnaea 9: 476. 1834., under tribe Bambuseae and sub-tribe Bambusinae. Etymologically, Dendrocalamus: Greek word dendron, tree; kalamos, reed, tree-like reeds. This genus is closely related to genus B
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Dendrocalamus Nees
The genus Dendrocalamus was first described by Nees in Linnaea 9: 476. 1834., under tribe Bambuseae and sub-tribe Bambusinae. Etymologically, Dendrocalamus: Greek word dendron, tree; kalamos, reed, tree-like reeds. This genus is closely related to genus Bambusa, but the number of keels on the inflorescence prophyll can distinguish between the two genera. Prophylls of Bambusa species have two keels, while those of Dendrocalamus species have only one (Stapleton 1994c). Most of the species of this genus can be recognized by its thick-walled culms, swollen nodes and aerial roots at the lower nodes. The species usually have white, blackish or light-brown hairs on the culm sheaths (Dransfield 1980). The genus is distributed from China (not in northern part), throughout India including Andaman Islands and Terai region of the Himalayas, Nepal, Bhutan, Bangladesh, Sri Lanka, Myanmar, Pakistan, Thailand, Laos, Kampuchea, Vietnam, mainly southern-central-China, Malaysia, Singapore, Indonesia, Philippines and Papua New Guinea. There are 52 species known under the genus Dendrocalamus (Orhnberger 1999). Most of the species are restricted to high rainfall or montane areas. Out of these, the following seven bamboo species are the most popular to the local people of the South Asian countries due to their ecological importance, high demand in utilization and trading. Some of the species are naturally growing in the forests, others in cultivation or in both sources. In the next segments, these species are described in alphabetical order.
4.1
Dendrocalamus asper (J. H. Schultes) Backer ex K. Heyne
[Nutt. Pl. Ned. Ind. ed. 2, 1: 301. 1927. Handb. Fl. Jav. 2: 279] [Synonyms: Dendrocalamus flagellifer Munro in Trans. Linn. Soc. 26:150. 1866. Gamble in Ann. R. Bot. Gard. Calc. 7: 91, pl. 80. 1896. Ridl., Flora 5: 265.
© Springer Science+Business Media Singapore 2016 R.L. Banik, Silviculture of South Asian Priority Bamboos, Tropical Forestry, DOI 10.1007/978-981-10-0569-5_4
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4 Dendrocalamus Nees
Gigantochloa aspera Kurz in Ind. Forester 1:221. 1876. McClure in Fieldiana, Botany, 24, pt. II: 141. 1955. Basonym: Bambusa aspera Schult., Syst. Nat. 7:1352. 1830. Kurz in Journ. As. Soc. Beng. 39, pt.2: P 87.1870. Dendrocalamus brandisii Munro; Alam M K in Bamboos of Bang: field identification manual. BFRI Chittagong. 2001]
4.1.1
General Information
4.1.1.1
Vernacular and Local Names
Pai Tong (Thailand), Bambu Betung, Sweet Bamboo; common name: Giant bamboo. Bambu Betung (Indonesia); Awi Bitung (Sundanese); Buloh Betong (Malay); Bukawe (Philippines- Tagalong); Manh tong (Vietnamese); Hok (Lao). 4.1.1.2
Natural Distribution and General Habitat
Dendrocalamus asper is indigenous to south China. These species are commonly planted in Thailand, Vietnam, Malaysia (peninsular and east), Indonesia and the Philippines; a decade ago introduced in north-eastern part of India for its commercial importance in edible shoot production; also widely introduced elsewhere in tropical and subtropical botanic gardens, with o
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