Karyomorphology in two species of the genus Phlogacanthus Nees of Assam: some new karyological insights
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Ó Indian Academy of Sciences (0123456789().,-volV) (0123456789().,-volV)
RESEARCH ARTICLE
Karyomorphology in two species of the genus Phlogacanthus Nees of Assam: some new karyological insights NEETUMALATA BORO1 and BANDANA NABIS DAS2* 1Department 2Department
of Botany, Gauhati University, Guwahati 781 014, India of Botany, Handique Girls’ College, Guwahati 781 001, India
*For correspondence. E-mail: [email protected]. Received 25 February 2020; revised 30 May 2020; accepted 6 July 2020 Abstract. The genus Phlogacanthus Nees belongs to the family Acanthaceae and is represented by herbs or shrubs species. The present work shows detailed karyomorphological studies in two species, Phlogacanthus quadrangularis (Hook.) Heine and Phlogacanthus guttatus Nees. Both the species grow as undergrowth vegetation. The conservation status of both the species are yet to be determined. The somatic chromosome counts of both the mentioned species are available for the first time, 2n = 40 for P. quadrangularis and 2n = 34 for P. guttatus. The karyomorphological observations showed that both plant species show dominance of sub-telocentric chromosomes with a few metacentric chromosomes. P. quadrangularis have telocentric chromosomes which is absent in the other species. The range of length of chromosomes in P. quadrangularis is from 0.340 lm to 1.32 lm and that of P. guttatus is from 0.560 lm to 1.878 lm. The karyotype type of the two species are classified as 3B type. But the dispersion index (DI) value of both the species are different. P. guttatus shows higher value of DI than P. quadrangularis. Higher the DI value more specialized is the karyotype. By comparing the chromosome length, size, DI value and idiogram of both the species, it is concluded that the karyotype of P. guttatus is more asymmetric and advanced than karyotype of P. quadrangularis. The karyomorphological findings of the present study will aid in determining the importance and utility, ex-situ conservation, protection, preservation and regeneration of germplasm. Keywords.
karyomorphology; shrub; germplasm; Phlogacanthus Nees.
Introduction The genus Phlogacanthus Nees is represented by members having thryse, thrysiod panicle or cyme inflorescence. Two members of this taxon, Phlogacanthus quadrangularis (Hook.) Heine and Phlogacanthus guttatus Nees have been selected for detailed karyomorphological studies. The habit of the plant species P. quadrangularis is a small perennial shrub and P. guttatus is a perennial undershrub. The P. quadrangularis is distinguished by the presence of pubescent, pinkish corolla, curved and widened at mouth with glabrous capsule (Kanjilal et al. 1939). This species has been reported as rare in Brahmaputra valley of Assam and its IUCN status is not yet evaluated (Baishya 1999). It is available in Lakhimpur and Dima Hasao districts of Assam (Barooah and Ahmed 2014). P. guttatus possesses white and bilabiate corolla with terminal inflorescence (Kanjilal et al. 1939). This species is common in western Assam (Barooah and Ahmed 2014).
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