Depression and anxiety symptoms among returning workers during the COVID-19 period in East China
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ORIGINAL PAPER
Depression and anxiety symptoms among returning workers during the COVID‑19 period in East China Shuyue Yang1 · Haijiang Lin2 · Jianfu Zhu3 · Yue Chen4 · Na Wang1 · Qi Zhao1 · Chaowei Fu1 Received: 7 June 2020 / Accepted: 10 November 2020 © Springer-Verlag GmbH Germany, part of Springer Nature 2020
Abstract Purpose To determine the prevalence of depression and anxiety and associated factors among returning workers with different epidemic experience in East China. Methods A cross-sectional study was conducted among 2435 employees from the enterprises located in Deqing (low-risk epidemic area) and Taizhou (high-risk epidemic area) of East China in March 2020. An online questionnaire covered information on sociodemographic and lifestyle factors as well as knowledge, attitude, behavior and experience about COVID-19. The Patient Health Questionnaire-9 (PHQ-9) and the Generalized Anxiety Disorder-7 (GAD-7) were applied to assess depression and anxiety symptoms, respectively. Logistic regression model was used to estimate adjusted odds ratios (aORs) and their 95% confidence intervals (CIs) for depression and anxiety symptoms associated with risk factors. Results The participants were aged 36.3 ± 9.2 years on average, and nearly half of them were female. Overall, the prevalence of depression, anxiety and both were 19.4%, 12.3% and 9.8%, and decreased with age. After adjustment for covariates, 16 or more years of education, being a white-collar worker or working in the high-risk epidemic area were significantly associated with increased risks of both depression and anxiety, in contract regular physical exercise was associated with decreased risks of both mental disorders. Conclusion The depression and anxiety problems were prevalent among returning workers during the COVID-19 period. Targeted psychological interventions should be developed and implemented to improve their mental health. Keywords COVID-19 · Depression · Anxiety · Returning worker · China Abbreviations COVID-19 Coronavirus disease 2019 PHQ-9 Patient Health Questionnaire-9 Shuyue Yang and Haijiang Lin contributed equally to this work. * Qi Zhao [email protected] * Chaowei Fu [email protected] 1
School of Public Health, Key Laboratory of Public Health Safety; NHC Key Laboratory of Health Technology Assessment, Fudan University, 130 Dong’an Road, Shanghai 200032, China
2
Taizhou City Center of Disease Prevention and Control, Zhejiang 318000, China
3
Deqing County Center of Disease Prevention and Control, Zhejiang 313299, China
4
School of Epidemiology and Public Health, Faculty of Medicine, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON K1G 5Z3, Canada
GAD-7 Generalized Anxiety Disorder-7 OR Odds Ratio CI Confidence Intervals WHO World Health Organization SARS Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome DSM-IV Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorder SD Standard Deviation
Introduction World Health Organization (WHO) reported that depression and anxiety ranked in the top 20 causes of the global burden of disease and affected 350
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