Depth-wise distribution, mobility and naturally occurring glutathione based phytoaccumulation of cadmium and zinc in sew
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ORIGINAL PAPER
Depth-wise distribution, mobility and naturally occurring glutathione based phytoaccumulation of cadmium and zinc in sewage-irrigated soil profiles D. Mani • B. Sharma • C. Kumar • S. Balak
Received: 9 January 2012 / Revised: 26 March 2012 / Accepted: 25 September 2012 Ó CEERS, IAU 2012
Abstract Field experiments were conducted to determine the mobility, distribution and naturally occurring glutathione (GSH)-based phytoaccumulation of cadmium and zinc in the sewage-irrigated alluvial soils, Allahabad, India. Frequent sewage-irrigation (up to 100 mL kg-1 soil) at 5 days’ interval indicated enrichment of soil profiles with Cd and Zn more prominently in surface soils and subsurface soils below to the depth of 0.6 m and augmented cadmium and zinc accumulation in shoot tissues of Brassica species up to 10.6 and 31.5 mg kg-1, respectively. Both cadmium and zinc were found significantly correlated with organic matter and cation exchange capacity of the soils indicating their dominant role in the sewage-irrigated soils. Raphanus sativus L. and Brassica napus L. accumulated significant quantity of cadmium and zinc, and higher concentration of GSH in their shoot tissues synergistically boosted translocation as well as accumulation of metals in plants, especially at plant maturity. However, cadmium showed higher translocation than zinc. Such evidence supports the conclusion that elevated natural
Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (doi:10.1007/s13762-012-0121-z) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users. D. Mani C. Kumar S. Balak Department of Chemistry, Sheila Dhar Institute of Soil Science, University of Allahabad, Allahabad 211002, India B. Sharma Department of Biochemistry, University of Allahabad, Allahabad 211002, India C. Kumar (&) The National Academy of Science, India, 5 Lajpatrai Road, Allahabad 211002, UP, India e-mail: [email protected]
GSH concentrations of Brassica species during their developed stage of plant growth are involved in metal hyperaccumulation, which ensure their potential for phytoremediation of cadmium and zinc in the sewage-irrigated soils. Thus, the use of the unused part (mostly leaves) of these species as an innovative technology for phytoremediation is suggested. Keywords Cadmium Glutathione Mobility Phytoaccumulation Soil profile Zinc
Introduction Long-term use of wastewater for cultivation of leafy and other vegetables has resulted in the accumulation of heavy metals in the soil and their transfer to the various crops under cultivation, with levels of contamination exceeding the permissible limits. Sewage-irrigation has received much attention due to enrichment of heavy metals in soils which impacts human health and social problems (Gholamabbas et al. 2010; Nabuloa et al. 2010; Yusuf et al. 2003); however, use of sewage water in agricultural has been an age-old practice and can contribute to a reduction in stress on the utilizable water resource, which will not only reduce disposal prob
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