Dermoscopic, histopathologic, and molecular description of external parasitic infestation in common red fox ( Vulpes vul
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CASE REPORT
Dermoscopic, histopathologic, and molecular description of external parasitic infestation in common red fox (Vulpes vulpes): a case report Ferdos Fekri 1
&
Amir Zakian 2 & Ghasem Farjani-kish 3 & Yassin Valizadeh 1
Received: 10 August 2020 / Accepted: 20 October 2020 # Springer-Verlag London Ltd., part of Springer Nature 2020
Abstract Nowadays, dermoscopy (dermatoscopy) or epiluminescence microscopy is known as a bridge between clinical and histopathological examinations to help us by improving the diagnosis accuracy of skin diseases. A common red fox with history of severe itching and skin disorders was referred to the Veterinary Teaching Hospital of Lorestan University . After clinical examination, blood sample was collected and dermoscopic images as well as skin biopsy sections were taken and evaluated. In some dermoscopic images of the lateral thorax and dorsal parts of body skin and coat, local alopecia, acute inflammation, erythema, and reddish can be seen. Ectoparasites were identified as Rhipicephalus bursa, Musca domestica eggs, and lice nits. Also, histopathology examination showed folliculitis, moderate follicular hyperplasia with mononuclear cellular infiltrates, and numerous mites in the hair follicles of the dermis. Cigarette-shaped mites in hair follicles were identified as Demodex canis using the real-time polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) method. The present study indicated dermoscopy alongside histopathology may represent as valuable techniques for the dermatological examination of the wildlife animals like red foxes, so our finding highlighted the value of monitoring the wildlife health condition by using noninvasive methods. Keywords Red fox . Dermoscopy . Rhipicephalus bursa . Demodicosis
Animal skin is exposed to attack by many kinds of parasites, and each species has a particular effect on the skin that can be mild or severe. In this regard, most of the ectoparasitic infestations produce irritation and sensitization of the skin (Arora et al. 2013). Parasitic diseases of wild carnivores harboring zoonotic potential include Echinococcus multilocularis, Taenia spp., Alaria alata, Uncinaria stenocephala, Ancylostoma caninum, Toxocara canis, and Toxascaris leonina, causing a variety of diseases in humans mainly due to migrating larvae. Demodicosis is an inflammatory parasitic disease of canines characterized by the presence of numbers of Demodex mites that are larger than normal; however, it has been believed that it is a part of the normal inhabitants in the skin of most of the mammals including human (Mueller et al. * Ferdos Fekri [email protected] 1
Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Lorestan University, Khorramabad, Iran
2
Department of Clinical Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Lorestan, Khorramabad, Iran
3
Department of Pathobiology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Lorestan University, Khorramabad, Iran
2012; Miller et al. 2013; Ravera et al. 2013). Besides, Demodex mites live in hair follicles and reproduce in the sebaceous glands. Dermoscopy (
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