Design and Characterization of Miniaturized Printed Antenna for UWB Communication Systems
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ORIGINAL ARTICLE
Design and Characterization of Miniaturized Printed Antenna for UWB Communication Systems Syed Naheel Raza Rizvi1 · Wahaj Abbas Awan2 · Niamat Hussain3 Received: 15 August 2020 / Revised: 10 October 2020 / Accepted: 4 December 2020 © Springer Nature Singapore Pte Ltd. part of Springer Nature 2020
Abstract An electrically small ultra-wideband antenna for modern compact devices is presented in this paper. The antenna is constructed using a low-cost FR4 substrate, where etching slot and stub loading techniques are utilized to achieve miniaturization. The antenna comprises of simple geometrical structure with an overall size of 0.13 λo × 0.19 λo × 0.02 λo (λo is the free-space wavelength at 3.5 GHz). A sample prototype was fabricated and tested to validate various performance parameters of the antenna. The antenna has measured 10 dB impedance bandwidth ranging from 3.55–12.16 GHz with a stable gain having a maximum value of 4.52 dBi. The performance comparison with state-of-the-art works shows that the proposed antenna offers the advantages of miniaturized size, simple geometry along with competitive bandwidth and stable radiation characteristics. Keywords Electrically small antenna · Ultra-wideband · Simple geometry · Miniaturized antenna
1 Introduction Ultra-wide band (UWB) technology has earned a widespread popularity due to its commitment to providing very high bit rates, a highly secure transmission by avoiding unintended users. Moreover, UWB signals remain unaffected by obstacles in both lines of sight and non-line of sight communications. For effective communication, UWB antenna must exhibit a steady response regarding gain, radiation pattern, and impedance matching [1]. Besides, since UWB applications are intended for portable miniaturized devices, small size antennas with simple and congruent design, easy to fabricate, and to integrate into RF circuits while still maintaining a relatively low cost are critical constraints for UWB antennas [2]. Most of the countries allocated Federal Communication Commission (FCC) proposed band from 3.1 to 10.6 GHz for UWB communication [3]. While some * Niamat Hussain [email protected] 1
Department of Electronic Engineering, University of Engineering and Technology, Taxila, Pakistan
2
Department of Integrated IT Engineering, Seoul National University of Science and Technology, Seoul, Republic of Korea
3
Department of Information and Communication Engineering, Chungbuk National University, Cheongju, Republic of Korea
countries like China allocated 6 to 9 GHz and Korea allocated two bands of 3.1–4.8 GHz and 7.2–10.2 GHz for UWB communication systems [4]. Right after the UWB spectrum was proposed, both academia and researchers around the globe put their efforts to design an efficient UWB antenna. To achieve compact size wideband antennas microstrip antennas are considered as potential candidates due to their numerous advantages including simple structure, ultra-wide frequency bands, and stable radiation patterns [5]. So far research on micro
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