Metamaterial-Based Miniaturized Planar Inverted-F Antenna
Planar inverted F antennas are well known and widely used in the mobile communication industry. The rapid growth and high demand in the high performance mobile devices, with weight constraint, low specific absorption rate has put a challenge to the scient
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Metamaterial-Based Miniaturized Planar Inverted-F Antenna S. Manjula and Balamati Choudhury
2.1
Introduction
The fast-growing high-profile mobile communication systems demand miniaturization of mobile systems, which leads to the reduction in antenna size. The design of compact antennas with enhanced performance such as low specific absorption rate (c), large bandwidth and multiband operation is gaining momentum. Efficient use of metamaterial structure has got great importance in this miniaturization process. Planar inverted-F antennas (PIFA) are widely used in mobile applications as it is compact, easy to fabricate, integrate into the printed circuitry and is light weighted. The inclusion of metamaterial structures to the PIFA system makes it more compact, which will overcome the challenges faced in the miniaturization of antenna systems in mobile communication. This chapter gives an insight to the possibilities of designing a compact metamaterial PIFA system.
2.1.1
PIFA System
The conventional PIFA is also known as quarter-wavelength patch antenna as it is resonating at quarter wavelength, i.e., at k/4. Since the antenna is resonant at the quarter wavelength, the size of the antenna is less and hence occupying little space. PIFA systems have wide applications such as mobile hand sets. This chapter also provides a feasibility study of metamaterial PIFA system in the cellular bands. The frequency bands for cellular phone systems are as follows: GSM (Global System S. Manjula B. Choudhury (&) Centre for Electromagnetics, CSIR-National Aerospace Laboratories, Old Airport Road, Bengaluru 560017, India e-mail: [email protected] © Springer Nature Singapore Pte Ltd. 2017 B. Choudhury (ed.), Metamaterial Inspired Electromagnetic Applications, DOI 10.1007/978-981-10-3836-5_2
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for Mobile Communications: 880–960 MHz), DCS (digital communication system: 2.71–1.88 GHz), PCS (Personal Communication System: 1.85–1.99 GHz) and IMT-2000 (3G: 1.92–2.17 GHz). Advantages of PIFA System PIFA systems are chosen for its simple and compact structure. They can be easily installed in cellular devices. The main advantages of PIFA are mentioned below: • The advances in printed circuit technology make antenna fabrication quite easier and cost-effective. • As the size of the PIFA antenna is in the order of quarter wavelength, it found applications in UHF and VHF range. • Enhanced antenna performance such as low SAR due to its reduced backward radiation. • A single-patch PIFA system itself provides a maximum gain in the range of 6–9 dBi. • The gain of the antenna can be enhanced by using an array of patches on a single substrate, which makes the antenna cost-effective as compared to other antennas. • PIFA systems possess good electrical characteristics. • It can be tuned easily, and impedance matching can be done by varying the position of the feed. • It can be used for MIMO (multiple-input and multiple-output) applications. • The losses of PIFA system are low as compared to other antennas. Limitations
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