Design and fabrication novel flexible electrode used for external defibrillator based on liquid metal
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TECHNICAL PAPER
Design and fabrication novel flexible electrode used for external defibrillator based on liquid metal Fangxing Hou1 • Yuxin Zhang2 • Lei Sheng3 Received: 4 November 2020 / Accepted: 13 November 2020 Ó Springer-Verlag GmbH Germany, part of Springer Nature 2020
Abstract With the increasing incidence of cardiovascular events, especially for cardiac arrest and sudden death, the importance of external defibrillator has been greatly recognized. While the current electrodes used in external defibrillator are mainly rigid electrode generating large resistance in the interface between the electrode and the electrical stimulation is unable to be effectively delivered to the target area and even cauterize the skin. In this work, we conducted the adhesive patterning liquid metal flexible electrode for external defibrillator and ECG measurement, the COSMOL simulation analysis of ventricular fibrillation model suggested that the LM flexible electrode can assure the same current distribution and energy delivery, meanwhile requiring less energy input and avoiding skin burn. Furthermore, we verified the better signal stability and certain robustness to motion of liquid metal flexible electrode when measuring electrocardiogram (ECG) compared to the conventional AgCI electrode.
1 Introduction In recent years, the incidence of cardiovascular events has increased continuously, especially for cardiac arrest and sudden death. Fortunately, early electrical defibrillation treatment in cardiopulmonary resuscitation can effectively improve the success rate of survival (Karlsson 2019). When encountering the cardiac arrest (ventricular fibrillation), external defibrillator is thought to be an emergency medical device to carry out the electrical defibrillation treatment (Karlsson 2019). Generally, conventional external defibrillators require rigid metal electrodes (such as AgCI electrodes, platinum electrodes, etc.) to contact the skin for electrical stimulation. However, due to the uneven skin surface and physiological curve of body, there is air between the metals and skin which results in a large resistance, consequently affecting the performance of & Fangxing Hou [email protected] & Lei Sheng [email protected] 1
Queen Mary School, NanChang University, Nanchang, China
2
Department of Biomedical Engineering, School of Medicine, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China
3
Key Laboratory of Cryogenics, Technical Institute of Physics and Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
defibrillator and posing a safety hazard (Atkins and Kenney 2004). On the one hand, when the rigid metal electrodes are employed for electrophysiological measurement, the unfit contact between the electrode and skin is prone to decrease the signal to noise ratio (SNR), which is highly sensitive to movement. On the other hand, the electrical stimulation (muscle electrical stimulation (EMS), defibrillator, etc.) is unable to be effectively delivered to the target area when utilizin
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