Design and Implementation of an Internet of Healthcare Things System for Respiratory Diseases

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Design and Implementation of an Internet of Healthcare Things System for Respiratory Diseases Jen‑Chen Tsai2 · Jenq‑Shiou Leu1   · Setya Widyawan Prakosa1 · Lo‑Chi Hsiao1 · Ping‑Chen Huang1 · Shih‑Yi Yang1 · Ya‑Tieh Huang2 Accepted: 29 October 2020 © Springer Science+Business Media, LLC, part of Springer Nature 2020

Abstract Internet of Things (IoT) paradigm broadens to several research fields. Thus, Wireless Body Area Network (WBAN) has been adopted as a standard to create an IoT scheme imple‑ mented on healthcare system. Furthermore, IoT can be employed to measure several dis‑ eases including stroke, diabetes, as well as respiratory diseases to monitor patient condition and environment change that might be harmful for patients. Implementation and realization of IoT for monitoring respiratory diseases is needed since in Taiwan the risk to get more severe symptoms by those diseases is relatively high considering the air pollution that is getting higher. In this study, IoT system is built based on the integration of several inde‑ pendent applications. In addition, our scheme consists of four main components such as environment sensing box, patient monitoring tools, android apps, and web Graphical User Interface (GUI). Web GUI is useful for health practitioners such as doctors and nurses to monitor the condition of patients obtained by patient monitoring tools. Moreover, patients and doctors can assess the status of weather and environmental condition whether it is safe or harmful for patients. Finally, android based apps is necessary for patients to connect all of schemes as well as monitoring all conditions including health and environmental status. The assessment of our tools indicates that the implemented scheme is consistent enough shown by low Root Mean Square Error (RMSE) and Mean Average Percentage Error (MAPE) achieved by our IoT system. Keywords  Internet of things (IoT) · Respiratory diseases · Monitoring · Sensors · Root mean square error (RMSE) · Mean average percentage error (MAPE)

1 Introduction Modern world offers a flexibility for internet users on various fields. Agricultural, medical, and some other fields are laid on the application of Internet of Things (IoT), especially to monitor and control some specific purposes. IoT has changed and shifted the paradigm of internet future [1]. Ubiquitous technology offered by a new paradigm of Internet of Things * Jenq‑Shiou Leu [email protected] Extended author information available on the last page of the article

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impacts the development of IoT infrastructure. Consequently, the construction of IoT infra‑ structure is inevitably massively made to accommodate the use of IoT in several fields. IoT concept for medical treatment has been studied by a lot of researchers and developed by several manufacturers. Some ideas to deal with the case or problems overcome by health practitioners are proposed, for instance building a smart system for monitoring athlete under mobile environment [2] or constructing Wi