Design and Modeling of a Compact Power Divider with Squared Resonators Using Artificial Intelligence
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Design and Modeling of a Compact Power Divider with Squared Resonators Using Artificial Intelligence Saeed Roshani1 · Mohammad Behdad Jamshidi2,3 · Farzad Mohebi1 · Sobhan Roshani1 Accepted: 5 November 2020 © Springer Science+Business Media, LLC, part of Springer Nature 2020
Abstract In this paper, a novel miniaturized microstrip Wilkinson power divider (WPD) using squared resonators and open-ended stubs is designed, fabricated, and measured. The proposed divider is designed at 1.9 GHz, which suppresses 2nd, 3rd, and 4th harmonics with high attenuation levels. Moreover, the size of the proposed divider is only 0.1 λg × 0.07 λg, which reduces the circuit size by more than 55%, compared to the conventional Wilkinson divider. In the design process, the neural network model and LC-equivalent circuit model are used to predict the transmission zeros of the circuit. These transmission zeros are used to provide the suppression at the desired harmonics. Also, the main circuit elements could be predicted with the neural network model, which results in a performance improvement of the proposed divider. The results show that the proposed model can predict the frequency response of the designed WPD, accurately. Keywords Harmonic suppression · Neural network · Resonator · Wilkinson power divider
1 Introduction The microstrip divider is an essential passive component, which has wide applications in the communication systems [1, 2]. The typical Wilkinson power divider (WPD) occupies a large area and cannot remove the effects of unwanted harmonics [3–5]. The microwave devices with compact size and harmonics suppression abilities are necessary demands for modern wireless communication systems [5–8]. Recently, several works are reported to improve the performance of power dividers. The main methods, which have recently been used for harmonic suppression and size reduction * Sobhan Roshani [email protected] 1
Department of Electrical Engineering, Kermanshah Branch, Islamic Azad University, Kermanshah, Iran
2
Research and Innovation Center for Electrical Engineering (RICE), University of West Bohemia, Pilsen, Czech Republic
3
Department of Power Electronics and Machines (KEV), University of West Bohemia, Pilsen, Czech Republic
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of the divider can be categorized as specifically shaped resonators [2, 3], low pass filters [4, 5], defected ground structures (DGS) [9], electronic bandgap (EBG) cells [10], lumped elements [11–13], stepped impedances [14], open-ended stubs [15–18] and artificial intelligent [19]. In [9–13], EBG cells, defected ground structures DGS and lumped reactive elements techniques are used to achieve size reduction and harmonics suppression. These structures can partially overcome the large circuit size and suppress unwanted harmonics. Unfortunately, it is a complicated process to extract DGS and EBG pattern, which needs to etch the backside ground structure [14]. Moreover, using a lumped reactive component is undesirable for mass production environments [1
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