Design and Preparation of Hallow Mesoporous Silica Spheres Include CuO and Its Catalytic Performance for Synthesis of 1,
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Design and Preparation of Hallow Mesoporous Silica Spheres Include CuO and Its Catalytic Performance for Synthesis of 1,2,3-Triazole Compounds via the Click Reaction in Water Maryam Rajabzadeh1 · Reza Khalifeh2 · Hossein Eshghi1 · Mohsen Sorouri2 Received: 26 November 2018 / Accepted: 12 January 2019 © Springer Science+Business Media, LLC, part of Springer Nature 2019
Abstract Here, a novel nanostructured catalyst based on CuO included hallow mesoporous silica spheres (CuO–HMSS) was prepared for synthesis of 1,2,3-triazole compounds. The hallow silica spheres were synthesized via the hydrothermal procedure. The characterization of prepared catalyst was also performed applying several analysis techniques such as TEM and SEM, EDX, XRD, and ICP. Graphical Abstract CuO active sites in a hollow mesoporous silica shell are stably and efficiently attainable for conversion of precursors to triazole compounds.
Keywords Micro/nano structure hollow sphere · Mesoporous silica · Click reaction
Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (https://doi.org/10.1007/s10562-019-02666-1) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users. * Reza Khalifeh [email protected] * Hossein Eshghi [email protected] Extended author information available on the last page of the article
1 Introduction The various metal/metal oxide loaded mesoporous silica nanostructures have attracted several attentions during the past decades especially in the field of heterogeneous catalysis [1, 2]. In addition, the application of mesoporous silica structure is familiar in various scientific fields such as drug delivery, drug release [3, 4], gene delivery [5], biosensing
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[6], and as adsorption media for removing of environmental pollutants [7, 8]. The wide range of mesoporous silica nanostructures with various morphologies, sizes, pore structures and pore sizes could be synthesized [9]. In addition, thanks to the mechanical, thermal and chemical stability, controllable synthesis, high adsorption capacity, facilitated diffusion of substances as well as the high surface area, mesoporous silica nanomaterials are known as one of the best catalyst supports. In addition to the various favorable features due to the presence of mesoporous channels, further improvement of mass transfer could be expected for hollow structures. Moreover, the enrichment of reactants in the cavities as well as the arrangement of active sites interior the hollow structure, the enhancement of the catalytic activity could be resulted [10–12]. In some cases, due to the specific role of the hollow catalyst, the whole structure could be regarded as a nanoreactor [13]. On the other hand, by restriction of the catalyst active sites into an outer shell of mesoporous silica, the chemical stability, dispersibility and also the more tolerance toward the unfavorable oxidation and aggregation phenomena could be resulted [14–17]. The synthesis of silica mesoporous structure could be done by applying the modified St
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