Design of Heating Coils Based on Space-Filling Fractal Curves for Highly Uniform Temperature Distribution
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MRS Advances © 2020 Materials Research Society DOI: 10.1557/adv.2020.17
Design of Heating Coils Based on Space-Filling Fractal Curves for Highly Uniform Temperature Distribution Karnati Kumar Sai Charan1, Seshadri Reddy Nagireddy1, Sumana Bhattacharjee1, Aftab M Hussain1* 1
Centre for VLSI and Embedded System Technologies (CVEST), International Institute of Information Technology, Hyderabad, Telangana-500032, India *Corresponding author. E-mail: [email protected]
Abstract Heating coils utilize the concept of resistive heating to convert electrical energy into thermal energy. Uniform heating of the target area is the key performance indicator for heating coil design. Highly uniform distribution of temperature can be achieved by using a dense metal distribution in the area under consideration, however, this increases the cost of production significantly. A low-cost and efficient heating coil should have excellent temperature uniformity while having minimum metal consumption. In this work, space-filling fractal curves, such as Peano curve, Hilbert curve and Moore curve of various orders, have been studied as geometries for heating coils. In order to compare them in an effective way, the area of the geometries has been held constant at 30 mm × 30 mm and a constant power of 2 W has been maintained across all the geometries. Further, the thickness of the metal coils and their widths have been kept constant for all geometries. Finite Element Analysis (FEA) results show Hilbert and Moore curves of order-4, and Peano curve of order-3 outperform the typical double-spiral heater in terms of temperature uniformity and metal coil length.
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INTRODUCTION Heating coils are based on the concept of Joule heating, i.e., conversion of electrical energy into thermal energy through resistive heat dissipation. One of their key applications is thermotherapy, which is the external application of heat for muscle pain relief and other benefits (Figure 1a) [1-4]. Heat decreases pain by washing out painproducing metabolites with improved blood flow [5], and by temporarily increasing the threshold of pain-carrying fibres [6]. In addition to pain relief, heat can decrease the stiffness associated with joint diseases [7, 8]. Micro-sized heating coils, called microheaters, have also gained popularity in applications such as gas sensing [9-11], gas release [12], flow measurement [13-15], humidity sensing [16], infrared emission [17], and aerosol generation [18]. Further, recent studies have showed that micro-heaters can be used in targeted destruction of malign cancer cells [19, 20]. Due to their wide range of applications, it is important to make heaters cost-effective and thermally efficient. Some studies have analysed different heater geometries for improvement in efficiency and thermal performance [21-25].
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