Designing a ternary composite of PPy-PT/ TiO 2 using TiO 2 , and multipart-conducting polymers for supercapacitor applic
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Designing a ternary composite of PPy‑PT/ TiO2 using TiO2, and multipart‑conducting polymers for supercapacitor application G. Sowmiya1 · G. Velraj2 Received: 4 February 2020 / Accepted: 10 July 2020 © Springer Science+Business Media, LLC, part of Springer Nature 2020
Abstract Conducting polymers, polythiophene (PT) and polypyrrole (PPy) were prepared by chemical oxidative polymerization (COP) method. A ternary PPy-PT/TiO2 composite involve the blending of two polymers namely polythiophene and polypyrrole and further, addition of T iO2 nanoparticles in the multipart-polymer. PPy-PT/TiO2 composite exhibits the highest specific capacitance of 271.8 F/g as compared to PT/TiO2 (109.6 F/g) and PPy/TiO2 (80.4 F/g), respectively. Multipart-conducting polymers boost the conductivity of fabricated device, which enhanced specific capacitance of TiO2 based supercapacitor network, due to their improved surface area, that offers large energy storage and additional pseudocapacitance.
1 Introduction Supercapacitors or electrochemical capacitors have been widely used in high power energy storage tools. They have many precious characteristics such as high power density, long charge–discharge rate, and high cycling stability [1]. Moreover, supercapacitors have participated in an important role in portable electronics and electric vehicles or hybrid electric vehicles, etc., due to their aforementioned material characteristics [2]. Mostly, two types of supercapacitors, which can be classified into an electrochemical doublelayered capacitor (EDLC) and pseudocapacitors based on metal oxides and conducting polymers according to their charge storage mechanism [3]. Newly, transition metal oxide and conducting polymer have concerned much special treatment of pseudocapacitor due to their high faraday pseudocapacitance. Among various pseudocapacitive materials was used as a conductive polymer, carbon and transition metal oxides. The polythiophene (PT), and polypyrrole (PPy) are ideal electrode material and a particular interest in the field of energy storage application due to their electrochemical reversibility, inherent flexibility, rapid doping–dedoping * G. Velraj [email protected] 1
Department of Physics, Periyar University, Salem, Tamilnadu 636 011, India
Department of Physics, Anna University, Chennai, Tamilnadu 600 025, India
2
choice in the charge–discharge process, low cost and good electrical conductivity [4, 5]. The development of PT and PPy for some practical applications have been investigated for rechargeable batteries [6], sensors [7], catalysis and electrocatalysis [8] and electrochromic displays [9]. Recently, conducting polypyrrole (PPy), showing unique properties and more advantageous than the other conducting polymers especially for high electrical conductivity, is regarded as one of the promising practical electrode resources in pseudocapacitors. Furthermore, the understanding of PPy electrical conductivity may be helpful for increasing the electrochemical performance of these materials which are the
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