Designing ethical artifacts has resulted in creative design
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ORIGINAL ARTICLE
Designing ethical artifacts has resulted in creative design Empirical studies on the effect of an ethical design support tool Kaira Sekiguchi1 · Koichi Hori2 Received: 11 December 2019 / Accepted: 30 July 2020 © The Author(s) 2020
Abstract Ethical aspects in engineering design have become increasingly important in recent years. A typical example is the recent rise of artificial intelligence (AI) ethics. This paper applies user studies of a design support tool to empirically verify that our ethical framework improves the creativity of an engineer’s design activity. The design support tool provides an environment for the promotion of ethical design perspectives and description. The experiments focus on two functionalities: semiautomatic generation and scenario path recommendation. These functions are designed around the application of ethical design theory, which extends the hierarchical representation of artifacts. Doing this enables users to reconsider their themes at the highest level of the hierarchy and to apply a wider conceptual space of design solutions. For example, by reconsidering the positions of their research themes in the space of the representation field, users can semi-automatically edit them and identify focal areas. Using the scenario path recommendation, designers can update their research themes after considering the ethical impacts of those themes on stakeholders. Both functions are realized by exploiting a knowledge base of ethical and technological discourses. Finally, the ethical design theory is updated based on some unexpected results of our user studies with regards to the cyclic relationship among theory, tools (i.e., experimental equipment), and observed data. For example, temporal dimensional aspects were confirmed as important. Keywords Creativity support · Design theory · Ethics · Ethical design · User study · Design science
1 Introduction 1.1 Background and objectives The objective of this work is to empirically verify the creativity support effect of ethics to enhance creative design activities using our proposed design support tool. Our results show that engineers, business persons, and organizations, when integrating ethics into practical design, can use our * Kaira Sekiguchi [email protected] Koichi Hori [email protected] 1
Department of Aeronautics and Astronautics, Graduate School of Engineering, The University of Tokyo, 7‑3‑1 Hongo, Bunkyo‑ku, Tokyo 113‑8656, Japan
Department of Aeronautics and Astronautics, Graduate School of Engineering, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
2
theory and creativity support tool to contribute to a better society. Recently, the importance of considering ethics in engineering has increased. A typical example is the rise in the discussion of artificial intelligence (AI) ethics. AI ethics is an area of applied ethics that investigates concerns about AI’s impact on society. Research has offered guidelines, principles, and use cases for AI-related technicians and other stakeholders. Representative examples of AI ethics inc
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