Designing the Composition of a Cement-Based 3D Construction Printing Material
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ICOCHEMICAL PRINCIPLES OF CREATING MATERIALS AND TECHNOLOGIES
Designing the Composition of a Cement-Based 3D Construction Printing Material V. A. Poluektova* Belgorod State Technological University, Belgorod, 308012 Russia *e-mail: [email protected] Received September 16, 2019; revised October 7, 2019; accepted October 8, 2019
Abstract—The physical and technological properties of the 3D construction printing material are formulated. It is shown that the composition should have unique rheological characteristics, controlled setting time, high adhesion, and fast strength. It is determined that a similar material with the required properties can be obtained by creating a composite material based on two active substances: a cementing material and a polymer binder, on one hand, and modification of the particles surface with a superplasticizer, on the other hand. The regularities of the influence of organic components (polymer binder and oligomeric superplasticizer) on the cement matrix are obtained. The mortar mobility, setting time, strength characteristics, and microstructure of the polymer–cement mortar are investigated. A patented composition of the composite material is developed for the innovative construction industry based on Portland cement and polyvinyl acetate dispersion. By modifying the phase boundary of the colloidal system, the proposed composite has the required plastic strength, high setting rate, high fast strength, crack resistance, and a number of other properties necessary for 3D printing of large-sized products and off-formwork structures. Keywords: composite material, polymer–cement mortar, quick-hardening mortar, 3D construction printing material, phloroglucinofurfural superplasticizer, polyvinyl acetate dispersion DOI: 10.1134/S2075113320050263
INTRODUCTION The technology of 3D printing is a relatively new one, but in the near future, it can become an important tool in the architecture and construction industry. Until recently, thermoplastic polymers were mainly used as a 3D printing material. However, for industrial production of large-sized products, the use of thermoplastics is not economically profitable; therefore, development scientists turned their eyes toward conventional building mixtures. Scientific research aimed at solving the materials science problems of 3D construction printing is being carried out at many institutes of the world. The first compounds were patented in China [1–4]. Of absolute interest are the compositions based on classic cement concrete [5–10], characterized by low cost and availability. A manufacturer of 3D construction printing equipment, the AMT-Spetsavia group of companies (Yaroslavl), has developed compounds based on cement, kaolin, sand concrete, and fiberreinforced concrete [11, 12]; Apis Cor (USA) has developed fiber-reinforced concrete and geopolymer [13, 14], the Shanghai-based company WinSun has developed a mixture of construction debris, including glass, steel, and cement. Specialists at Markets and Markets reported that, in the near future, the 3D con-
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