Detection of Cobalt Ion Based on Surface Plasmon Resonance of L-Cysteine Functionalized Silver Nanotriangles
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Detection of Cobalt Ion Based on Surface Plasmon Resonance of L-Cysteine Functionalized Silver Nanotriangles Niloofar Namazi Koochak 1 & Erfan Rahbarimehr 1 & Amirmostafa Amirjani 1 & Davoud Fatmehsari Haghshenas 1 Received: 28 May 2020 / Accepted: 6 September 2020 # Springer Science+Business Media, LLC, part of Springer Nature 2020
Abstract A facile and sensitive spectroscopic detection method for the detection of cobalt ion was introduced by the use of the surface plasmon resonance of silver nanotriangles (AgTrngs). After successful capping and functionalizing of AgTrngs, with an average edge length of ~ 54 nm, by trisodium citrate (TSC) and L-Cysteine, they were employed for the detection of cobalt ion based on the change in their in-plane dipole resonance. According to the obtained results, the developed sensor showed a response time as short as 10 s with a detection limit of 3.5 nM in the concentration range of 10–100 nM; in addition, this sensor needs a small volume of samples for cobalt ion determination that makes it ideal for the analysis of the body fluids as well as other aqueous effluents. Finally, based on the transmission electron microscopy, the oxidation of AgTrngs by cobalt ion was proposed as the detection mechanisms that result in the decrease in the in-plane dipole plasmon resonance of AgTrngs. Keywords Cobalt ion detection . Silver nanotriangles . L-cysteine . UV–Vis spectroscopy . Surface plasmon resonance
Introduction Silver nanostructures, among different plasmonic metals, have received great attention due to the superior plasmonic characteristics; the dielectric function of silver includes a negligible imaginary part within a broad range of wavelengths and, its real part has more negative value specially compared with Au [1]. These characteristics make silver nanostructures as a good candidate for sensing purposes based on the localized surface plasmon resonance (LSPR) phenomenon [2, 3]. Despite the benefits of cobalt for human health (in some metabolic and biological activities) [4–6], it has deleterious impacts on the human body when its level exceeds the allowed limit [7, 8]. This indicates the importance of developing rapid detection techniques, ideally in order of a few seconds, with an adequate precision (low limit of detection) that preferably needs a small volume sample for the cobalt detection [9, 10]. The developed methods for the detection of cobalt, including colorimetry [11–13], chemiluminescence [7, 14], fluorescence [15–18], atomic absorption spectrometry
* Davoud Fatmehsari Haghshenas [email protected] 1
Department of Materials and Metallurgical Engineering, Amirkabir University of Technology (Tehran Polytechnic), Tehran, Iran
[19], voltammetry [20], and spectroscopy [20, 21], are typically time-consuming, and they need complicated instrumentations [22]. On the other hand, the spectroscopic methods based on the LSPR can be implemented straightforwardly and require typically simple equipment and procedure [23–28]. It should be pointed out that the LSPR (the wavelength or
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