Detection of postoperative granulation tissue with an ICG-enhanced integrated OI-/X-ray System
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BioMed Central
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Research
Detection of postoperative granulation tissue with an ICG-enhanced integrated OI-/X-ray System Reinhard Meier1, Sophie Boddington1, Christian Krug1, Frank L Acosta2, Daniel Thullier2, Tobias D Henning1, Elizabeth J Sutton1, Sidhartha Tavri1, Jeffrey C Lotz3 and Heike E Daldrup-Link*1 Address: 1Department of Radiology, University of California, San Francisco, USA, 2Department of Neurosurgery, University of California, San Francisco, USA and 3Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, University of California, San Francisco, USA Email: Reinhard Meier - [email protected]; Sophie Boddington - [email protected]; Christian Krug - [email protected]; Frank L Acosta - [email protected]; Daniel Thullier - [email protected]; Tobias D Henning - [email protected]; Elizabeth J Sutton - [email protected]; Sidhartha Tavri - [email protected]; Jeffrey C Lotz - [email protected]; Heike E DaldrupLink* - [email protected] * Corresponding author
Published: 27 November 2008 Journal of Translational Medicine 2008, 6:73
doi:10.1186/1479-5876-6-73
Received: 26 March 2008 Accepted: 27 November 2008
This article is available from: http://www.translational-medicine.com/content/6/1/73 © 2008 Meier et al; licensee BioMed Central Ltd. This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/2.0), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.
Abstract Background: The development of postoperative granulation tissue is one of the main postoperative risks after lumbar spine surgery. This granulation tissue may lead to persistent or new clinical symptoms or complicate a follow up surgery. A sensitive non-invasive imaging technique, that could diagnose this granulation tissue at the bedside, would help to develop appropriate treatments. Thus, the purpose of this study was to establish a fast and economic imaging tool for the diagnosis of granulation tissue after lumbar spine surgery, using a new integrated Optical Imaging (OI)/X-ray imaging system and the FDA-approved fluorescent contrast agent Indocyanine Green (ICG). Methods: 12 male Sprague Dawley rats underwent intervertebral disk surgery. Imaging of the operated lumbar spine was done with the integrated OI/X-ray system at 7 and 14 days after surgery. 6 rats served as non-operated controls. OI/X-ray scans of all rats were acquired before and after intravenous injection of the FDA-approved fluorescent dye Indocyanine Green (ICG) at a dose of 1 mg/kg or 10 mg/kg. The fluorescence signal of the paravertebral soft tissues was compared between different groups of rats using Wilcoxon-tests. Lumbar spines and paravertebral soft tissues were further processed with histopathology. Results: In both dose groups, ICG provided a significant enhancement of soft tissue in the area of surgery, which corresponded with granulation t
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