Detection of renal hypoxia configuration in patients with lupus nephritis: a primary study using blood oxygen level-depe
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KIDNEYS, URETERS, BLADDER, RETROPERITONEUM
Detection of renal hypoxia configuration in patients with lupus nephritis: a primary study using blood oxygen level‑dependent MR imaging Zhenfeng Zheng1 · Yanyan Wang1 · Tiekun Yan1 · Junya Jia1 · Dong Li1 · Li Wei1 · Wenya Shang1 · Huilan Shi2 Received: 29 April 2020 / Revised: 15 September 2020 / Accepted: 27 September 2020 © Springer Science+Business Media, LLC, part of Springer Nature 2020
Abstract Background Renal microstructure and function are closely associated with oxygenation homeostasis. Analyzing renal blood oxygen level‒dependent (BOLD) magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) examination results will provide information on the biological status of the kidneys. The current study was performed to explore the hypoxia mode of the entire renal parenchyma in patients with lupus nephritis (LN). Methods A total of 23 adult patients with LN and 18 healthy volunteers were recruited. R2* values were acquired using BOLD MRI analysis. The narrow rectangular region of interest was used to explore the hypoxia configuration in entire depths of renal parenchyma. Acquired sequential R2* data were fitted using four categories of mathematic functions. The tendency of R2* data in both patients with LN and healthy volunteers was also compared using repeated-measures analysis of variance. Results R2* data from the superficial cortex to deep medulla displayed two patterns called a sharp uptrend style and a flat uptrend style. After sequential R2* data were fitted individually with the use of four mathematic formulas, the multiplecompartment Gaussian function showed the highest goodness of fit. Compared with two categories of R2* value styles, the R2* tendency of entire parenchyma in patients with LN was different from that in healthy volunteers. Conclusions Deep renal medullary oxygenation was not always overtly lower than oxygenation in the superficial renal cortical zone. The manifestation of renal parenchyma oxygenation could be described using a Gaussian function model. Deoxygenation tolerance was damaged in patients with LN. Keywords Lupus nephritis · Blood oxygen level dependent · Renal hypoxia · Magnetic resonance imaging
Zhenfeng Zheng and Yanyan Wang are co-first authors. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (https://doi.org/10.1007/s00261-020-02794-y) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
Abbreviations BOLD Blood oxygen level dependent CKD-EPI Chronic kidney disease epidemiology collaboration CO Concentric objects FOV Field of view
* Zhenfeng Zheng [email protected]
Wenya Shang [email protected]
Yanyan Wang [email protected]
Huilan Shi [email protected]
Tiekun Yan [email protected]
1
Department of Nephrology, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, No. 154, Anshan Road, Heping District, Tianjin, China
2
Department of Radiology, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, No. 154, Anshan Road, Heping District, Tianjin, China
Junya Jia youshalei@12
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