Determination of optimal rim and tire dimensions regarding load capacity, driving dynamics, and efficiency
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ORIGINAL PAPER
Determination of optimal rim and tire dimensions regarding load capacity, driving dynamics, and efficiency A. Strigel1 · U. Peckelsen1 · H.‑J. Unrau2 · F. Gauterin2 Received: 10 April 2019 / Accepted: 13 February 2020 © Springer Nature Switzerland AG 2020
Abstract Tire development based on functional tire characteristics (FTC) makes it possible to objectify target values across all topics and thus contributes to a clear target agreement between tire and vehicle manufacturers. Developmental tires can be evaluated on the basis of test bench measurements, thereby decreasing development duration and financial costs. A major challenge is the ongoing tightening of conflicting targets as a result of legal and customer-related requirements. Depending on the rim and tire dimensions the characterization of these conflicting targets can be different. Therefore, when defining a tire portfolio in the early development phase, methods are required to allow an evaluation of the feasibility based on objective correlations. In this paper a method for determining the optimal rim and tire dimensions by considering the respective requirements is presented. First of all, the effects of the tire dimension on individual FTC concerning load capacity, driving dynamics and efficiency are quantified using regression models. Next, the FTC of different dimension configurations are estimated on the basis of a Monte Carlo sampling. Finally solution spaces of optimal dimension ranges are shown graphically. Keywords Functional tire characteristics · Tire dimension · Solution spaces · Tire dynamics · Vehicle dynamics
1 Introduction The change in political and social surroundings has significantly influenced the development priorities within the automotive industry during the last few years. For example, conventional vehicles with internal combustion engines have become more efficient [1, 2] and sales of electrified vehicles have increased significantly [3]. In addition, the legal basis for automated driving has been established [4] and new types of vehicle use (e.g. car sharing) are getting more and more important [5]. Depending on the vehicle concept and the particular use case both the physical vehicle properties and the individual component requirements are changing. The tire also contributes significantly to the achievement of the overall vehicle targets by its characteristics in terms of driving dynamics and efficiency. The objective tire development based on functional tire characteristics (FTC) is presented in [6–8] and offers the possibility of a transparent target * A. Strigel [email protected] 1
BMW AG, Munich, Germany
Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, Karlsruhe, Germany
2
agreement between vehicle and tire manufacturer. The dimensions of rim and tire are determined by the vehicle manufacturer in the early development phase and have, amongst the tire construction and the rubber compound, a significant influence on the various FTC. The maximum load capacity of a tire is also determined primarily by its di
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