Determination of pesticides phosalone and diazinon in pistachio using ion mobility spectrometry
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ORIGINAL RESEARCH
Determination of pesticides phosalone and diazinon in pistachio using ion mobility spectrometry Sayed Ali Aqa Sadat 1 & Vahideh Ilbeigi 2 & Younes Valadbeigi 1
&
Majid Soleimani 1
Received: 4 April 2020 / Revised: 18 May 2020 / Accepted: 1 June 2020 # Springer-Verlag GmbH Germany, part of Springer Nature 2020
Abstract Diazinon and phosalone are two pesticides widely used in agriculture and gardening. Because the residues of these pesticides in fruits, vegetable, and environment are dangerous for human and domestic animal health, their determination in different samples is of importance. In this work, ion mobility spectrometry in positive mode was used for determination of residues of diazinon and phosalone in pistachio. The calibration curves for these pesticides were obtained using standard solutions. The detection limits of diazinon and phosalone measured by ion mobility were 0.1 and 0.5 ppm, respectively. The pistachio samples were prepared from market and a garden near Qazvin (Iran). The measurements showed that there is no detectable phosalone in the samples, however, diazinon was detected in the pistachio of the garden. The diazinon residues in the opened- and closed-shell pistachios one day after spraying were 0.071 and 0.008 mg/kg, respectively. After 5 days, the diazinon residues reach 0.004 and 0.006 mg/kg, respectively. Keywords Ion mobility spectrometry . Pesticide . Diazinon . Pistachio
Introduction Pesticides are chemical compounds used for protection of plants and agricultural crops by controlling or killing pests. However, pesticide residues in fruits, vegetable, and environment are dangerous for human and domestic animal health. Hence, several methods and techniques have been developed for determination of pesticides in different samples [1–5]. Phosalone and diazinon are two organophosphate pesticides used widely in agriculture and gardens. Chromatography techniques such as gas chromatography (GC) and high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) are the most common methods for the determination of these pesticides [6–8]. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (https://doi.org/10.1007/s12127-020-00262-3) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users. * Younes Valadbeigi [email protected] 1
Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Imam Khomeini International University, Qazvin, Iran
2
TOF Tech. Pars Company, Isfahan Science & Technology Town, Isfahan, Iran
Furthermore, these techniques coupled with mass spectrometry are used to achieve high performance in the detection and measurement of the pesticides [4, 5, 9–13]. Electrochemical techniques such as differential pulse voltammetry, cyclic voltammetry, and adsorptive stripping voltammetry have been used for determination of the pesticides in solutions [14–16]. Also, many electrochemical sensors have been design and constructed for sensing and detection of special pesticides [17]. Ion mobility spectrometry (IMS) is a sensitive, fast and simple technique use
