Determination of phthalates in particulate matter and gaseous phase emitted in indoor air of offices
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AIR POLLUTION: CHEMISTRY AND HEALTH RISKS
Determination of phthalates in particulate matter and gaseous phase emitted in indoor air of offices Małgorzata Szewczyńska 1
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Elżbieta Dobrzyńska 1
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Małgorzata Pośniak 1
Received: 28 April 2020 / Accepted: 20 July 2020 # Springer-Verlag GmbH Germany, part of Springer Nature 2020
Abstract Phthalate esters (PAEs) are endocrine disrupters and can disrupt the functioning of different hormones, causing adverse effects on human health. Due to the potential exposure to phthalates in office rooms, their concentrations in the air of these premises after their renovation and furnishing were determined. The aim of the study was to determine the content of these compounds in the gas phase and adsorbed on the particles. Thus, the combined sampler with filters and adsorption tube was used for air sampling. Samples were analyzed by GC-MS. The gas fraction was dominated by dimethyl phthalate (DMP), diethyl phthalate (DEP), and the inhalable fraction by dibutyl phthalate (DBP) and 2-(diethylhexyl) phthalate (DEHP). The total concentration of phthalates in the respirable fraction in the furnished rooms was as much as 92% of the phthalates determined in the inhalable fraction. In the rooms immediately after renovation and those arranged and used by employees for 7 months, their concentration in the respirable fraction did not exceed 25% of the phthalates in the inhalable fraction. Phthalate concentration in the renovated rooms after 7 months of their usage dropped by 84% in relation to PAEs concentration in newly arranged rooms and by 68% in relation to the phthalate concentration in empty rooms. Keywords Phthalate esters . Inhalable fraction . Respirable fraction . Particle size distribution . Indoor air . Office rooms
Introduction Phthalate esters (PAEs) cause numerous health disorders, especially in the period of prenatal development and childhood,
Responsible Editor: Constantini Samara Practical implications The article shows the presence of phthalates (endocrine active substances) in the gas phase and adsorbed onto the particles in the working environment of new office space, which can have a significant impact on the health of workers. Particle size affects the place of their deposition in the respiratory tract. Many occupational diseases typically involve a harmful agent deposited in individual functional areas of the respiratory system. Providing new data on the levels of endocrine disruptors in various environments, including the workplace, is an important step in risk assessment and workplace management. * Małgorzata Szewczyńska [email protected] 1
Department of Chemical Aerosol and Biological Hazards, Central Institute for Labour Protection - National Research Institute, Czerniakowska 16, 00-701 Warsaw, Poland
but also in adults. In men, they contribute to testicular stagnation, underdevelopment of genital organs at birth, reduction of sperm count, benign testicular tumors (later in life), or lowering testosterone levels in blood. In the case of women, phthalates cause pr
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