Determination of Zinc in Camel Skin Using Laser-Induced Breakdown Spectroscopy
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Determination of Zinc in Camel Skin Using Laser-Induced Breakdown Spectroscopy Asma Kamili 1 & Bernard Faye 2 Hassen Ghalila 3
&
Yvon G. Mbesse Kongbonga 3 & Mohamed Bengoumi 4 & Nour Said Tligui 5 &
Received: 22 October 2019 / Accepted: 3 February 2020 # Springer Science+Business Media, LLC, part of Springer Nature 2020
Abstract Zinc plays a major role in skin integrity, which can be affected by dromedary camels’ hard life conditions. Deficiencies in some trace elements especially in zinc can explain susceptibility of this species to skin diseases. Compared with ruminants, camel is already known for his relatively low zincemia. In order to assess dromedary camels’ skin zinc content, the present study was carried out in several provinces located in the south of Morocco where camel skin diseases are commonly observed. Zinc content in dromedary camel skin was determined using for the first time laser-induced breakdown spectroscopy (LIBS), method considered so far quick and simple with few or no sample processing. Collected data showed that zinc skin contents ranged between 115 ± 60 (for external side) and 94 ± 82 ppm (for internal side) with significant variability according to animals and to skin layers (external side versus internal side). Zinc skin content decreased from external to internal layers. Such preliminary results could be used to compare skin zinc nutritional level in healthy camels with those affected by skin diseases. Keywords LIBS . Dromedary camels . Zinc . Skin . Morocco
Introduction Relationship between mineral deficiencies and skin diseases has been widely documented in many species. Some trace elements are involved in skin defense and integrity, mainly zinc and copper, which contribute to skin resistance against mechanical and biological aggressions [1, 14–16]. Zinc has a catalytic role in migration, proliferation, and maturation of epidermal cells. It plays also an important role in protein synthesis and immune system [12] and wound healing [14, 15]. Topical zinc application as divalent zinc ions has been reported to provide antioxidant photoprotection for skin. Two antioxidant mechanisms were described: (i) replacement of redox active
* Bernard Faye [email protected] 1
National Office for Food Safety (ONSSA), Rabat, Morocco
2
UMR SELMET, CIRAD-ES, Montpellier, France
3
Applied Atomic and Molecular Spectroscopy Laboratory (LSAMA), Faculty of Science, University of Tunis El Manar, 2092 Tunis, Tunisia
4
Agronomic and Veterinary Institute Hassan II (IAV, Rabat, Morocco
5
FAO Subregional Office for North Africa, Tunis, Tunisia
molecules by Zn++ at critical sites in cell membranes and proteins and (ii) the induction of metallothionein, sulfhydryl-rich proteins synthesis that protect against free radicals [17]. Dromedary camels’ mineral metabolism has some particularities that are reported in several publications [7, 10]. Zincemia in dromedary camels (50 and 100 μg/100 ml) [10] was reported to be lower than in other species (70–120 μg/ 100 ml), and deficiency threshold is around 40 μ
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