Determining Anatomical Position of the Umbilicus in Turkish Population
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ORIGINAL ARTICLE
Determining Anatomical Position of the Umbilicus in Turkish Population Fatma Bilgen 1
&
Yakup Duman 2 & Alper Ural 1 & Mehmet Bekerecioğlu 1
Received: 10 July 2019 / Accepted: 17 April 2020 # Association of Surgeons of India 2020
Abstract The umbilicus is essential to the aesthetic appearance of the abdomen. However, very little has been written about the exact location of the aesthetically pleasing umbilicus as far as the Turkish population is concerned. Although a variety of reconstructive methods are available, no real standards define the location and shape of the umbilicus. This is a single cross-sectional cohort study focused on the morphometric analysis of the umbilicus in 300 adults between 18 and 65 years old. All data, including standardized measures and pictures, were determined. A total of 150 women and 150 men are incorporated into the study who referred to Kahramanmaraş Sütçü İmam University Hospital between January and July 2018. In this study, the authors observed that the umbilicus is situated around the midline plane such that the ratio of the distance between the xiphisternum and the umbilicus and the distance between the pubic symphysis and the umbilicus is 1.45. Also, the ratio of the distance between the umbilicus and anterior superior iliac spine and the between anterior superior iliac spine is approximately 0.6/1. Most umbilicus was found to be oval shape in males while round shape in females. Umbilical hood orientation was with an inferior hood in males while superior–inferior hood in females in my study at Turkish population. The present study was performed to determine the normal anatomical position of the umbilicus and umbilicus shapes in a sample of Turkish people and to obtain ideal ranges for repositioning neo-umbilicus during abdominoplasty. Keywords Umbilicus . Shape . Anatomic position
Introduction
* Fatma Bilgen [email protected] Yakup Duman [email protected] Alper Ural [email protected] Mehmet Bekerecioğlu [email protected] 1
Plastic, Reconstructive and Aesthetic Surgery, Kahramanmaraş Sutcu Imam University School of Medicine, Kahramanmaras, Turkey
2
Plastic Reconstructive and Aesthetic Surgery, Medicana Health Group, Istanbul, Turkey
The umbilicus is essential to the contour of the abdomen. It represents the first natural scar of the human body. Anatomically, the umbilicus is located at the intersection of a horizontal line extending through the iliac crests (when the patient is standing) and a vertical midline [1]. The umbilicus has cultural and religious meanings as well as cosmetic and even sexual attributes. The umbilicus is a unique being at the level of the fibrocartilage between the third and fourth lumbar vertebrae. Anatomy of the umbilicus has four fibrous cords attached to its deep surface that exerts traction from behind. These cords are remnants of the obliterated umbilical vein, the urachus, and the two umbilical arteries [2, 3]. Currently, a number of plastic surgery procedures may alter the shape and location of th
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